
Built structures
Yemeni Madfan: Underground Grain Store
A madfan is a covered underground grain chamber documented in Yemen, excavated in rock or firm earth. Sources do not establish one universal shape, locality or performance.
626 sourced equipment pages: vessels, tools, appliances and built structures.

A madfan is a covered underground grain chamber documented in Yemen, excavated in rock or firm earth. Sources do not establish one universal shape, locality or performance.

Mandi ovens are ground-built pits for cooking a regional dish. A 2024 Seiyun report describes wood-fired pits dug into the earth; Saudi sources describe separate clay or iron restaurant pits and a tannour form.