
African fermented foods, drinks and preservation
From sour breads and milk to savoury seeds, cassava staples and living beers, African fermentation follows the crop, the community and the work of transformation.
Attieke · Attiéké cassava semolina
Ivorian cassava semolina: grated cassava is fermented overnight with a traditional inoculum, pressed, sieved into granules, dried and steamed. Documented in a 2006 field study; no sole original process is established.

Attiéké is a fermented cassava semolina from Côte d'Ivoire. Grated cassava is fermented with a traditional inoculum and then pressed, sieved into granules, dried and steamed. The steamed granules are eaten ready to serve.
The product is distinct from the wet cassava pastes and the roasted or fermented flours made elsewhere in West and Central Africa. No sole or original process is claimed here.
Across the sampled batches lactic acid bacteria dominated the cassava pulp and drove most of the acidification. The study recorded a mean pH of 4.4 at 15 hours, and at pressing, drying and the finished product, across its sample set. These are study observations, not proposed home targets.
The starter was a spontaneous traditional inoculum rather than a defined strain. Community composition shifted over fermentation in one representative production, and the paper cautions against generalising its percentages to every producer.
UNESCO inscribed the skills of attiéké production in December 2024. The announcement concerns the production skills, and the detailed nomination record was not inspected for this page. Serving pairings, named variants and seasonal occasions are not established by the inspected sources.
A separate Fermentea attiéké record comes from a 2014 inoculum-zone study and gives its own ratios and temperatures. The two records describe different sampled processes; they are compared, not treated as one method.
The nomination and consent documents, local-language names, older history and community-specific accounts remain to be checked. No household batch, drying endpoint or storage limit is given in the sources.
Coulin and colleagues sampled 15 production sites in 2006 and described attiéké as a dried, steamed, ready-to-eat cassava granule. UNESCO recognised attiéké production skills in 2024; that recognition is not evidence of the food's origin.
Scaling: not established
Fresh cassava contains cyanogenic compounds; processing must reduce them. The study's pH and acid values are not validated household targets.
Hazard sourceDo not treat the study's stages or pH values as a household procedure or a safety limit.
The 2006 study sampled 15 production sites in southern Côte d'Ivoire and the Abidjan region. The sample is not an origin claim.
The 2024 UNESCO recognition concerns production skills; it is not evidence of the food's origin.
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International Journal of Food Microbiology 106(2), 131–136; Elsevier; DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.012Method
Characterisation of the microflora of attiéké, a fermented cassava product, during traditional small-scale preparationCited in: Fermented cassava semolina; What the sampled process shows; Heritage and use; Relation to plant-0017; Gaps
UNESCO Intangible Cultural HeritageMethod
Skills related to Attiéké production in Côte d’IvoireCited in: Fermented cassava semolina; What the sampled process shows; Heritage and use; Relation to plant-0017; Gaps