Spirit / distilled white vinegar
A clear, sharp vinegar made by acetifying alcohol. Its restrained color and aroma suit pickles, sauces and dressings where darker or more aromatic vinegars would change the result.
Recipes
1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.
All condiments18
Fermented, enzyme-ripened and mixed seasonings16
Acid and oil pickles1
Fermented fruit and fruit-derived foods1
Fermented, enzyme-ripened and mixed seasonings16Acid and oil pickles1Fermented fruit and fruit-derived foods1Filtered to
Recipes
White-wine vinegar
White-wine vinegar is made when acetic acid bacteria oxidise the alcohol in finished white grape wine, yielding a pale, wine-derived souring condiment for dressings, sauces and cooking.
Yongchun aged vinegar
Dark Fujian rice vinegar: glutinous rice and red Monascus koji make a red rice wine, liquid acetification turns it to vinegar, and it ages at least three years.
Whey vinegar
Vinegar made by fermenting the lactose of cheese whey to alcohol with a Kluyveromyces yeast and then to acetic acid; sold in Switzerland as Lactavinaigre from the 1950s.
Vinagre de Montilla-Moriles
Protected Andalusian wine vinegar made by acetifying certified Montilla-Moriles wine, dry or sweetened with Pedro Ximénez or Moscatel must, and often aged in oak by solera or añada.
Elevated risk
Walnut ketchup
A dark liquid seasoning made from young green walnuts steeped in salt and vinegar, then boiled with spices, shallots and anchovies. It belongs to the British ketchups of the 1700s and 1800s.
Sos ti malis
A Haitian hot sauce of habanero or Scotch bonnet, onion, shallot and garlic, softened in vinegar and lime, simmered briefly and served on grilled or fried meat and seafood.
High risk
Quick fresh-pack dill pickles
Whole small cucumbers are soaked in a measured salt solution, packed with dill and mustard seed, then covered with a boiling 5% vinegar brine and processed in a boiling-water canner.
Zhenjiang Black Vinegar
Zhenjiang black vinegar is a Chinese glutinous-rice vinegar made by mixed-culture fermentation, solid-state acetification, roasted-rice extraction and ageing, giving a dark, savoury, mildly sweet condiment.
Tianjin Duliu mature vinegar
Tianjin grain vinegar of millet and sorghum made with daqu: liquid alcoholic fermentation, two-layer solid-state acetification, and at least three years of outdoor ageing of the grain mash.
Chutney
A broad account of cooked chutney traditions: fruit or vegetables combined with sugar, spices and sometimes acid, often boiled into a thick condiment. This record is historical and process context, not a formula or storage recipe.
Kakisu (persimmon vinegar)
Japanese vinegar from ripe persimmons: yeast turns the fruit sugar to alcohol and acetic bacteria turn that to acid; made at home in a month and by makers in Wakayama and Nagasaki over several years.
Wine Vinegar
Wine vinegar is made by the aerobic oxidation of wine's alcohol into acetic acid by bacteria, producing a sour, wine-derived condiment used in dressings, sauces, marinades and preserved foods.
Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Reggio Emilia
Protected Italian vinegar made only from cooked grape must, fermented and aged in a battery of wooden barrels for at least 12 years: sweet, sharp and syrupy.
Elevated risk
Unseasoned rice vinegar
Japanese komezu is a pale, unseasoned rice vinegar made through alcoholic and acetic fermentation; rice, water, koji and yeast shape its character.
Akazu (red sake-lees vinegar)
Japanese reddish-brown vinegar from sake lees matured about three years, turned to vinegar by acetic bacteria; the vinegar of Handa and Edomae sushi rice.
Ättika
A Swedish-style spirit vinegar made by fermenting neutral alcohol with live vinegar bacteria, with a separate guide to commercial ättika strengths.
Birch sap vinegar
Vinegar from spring birch sap fermented to alcohol and then acetic acid, usually with added sugar or honey because the sap is so dilute; made in Sweden and described in older eastern European accounts.