Elevated risk
Idli batter
Rice and black gram are soaked separately, ground, salted and fermented into a thick batter for idli. The batter is portioned into moulds and steamed into soft savoury cakes.
Recipes
1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.
Fermented, enzyme-ripened and mixed seasonings328
Fruit preserves10
Legume, seed and plant-protein ferments10
Garum and fish sauces8
Adjacent and excluded7
Koji, mold starters and mold-ripened ferments4
Acid and oil pickles3
Fermented fruit and fruit-derived foods3
Vegetable lactic3
Dairy ferments2
Smoked salted and dried foods2
Cheese1
Not yet classified1
All grains and starches391
Cereal, grain, root and starch fermentations275
Unfermented breads105
Koji, mold starters and mold-ripened ferments3
Not yet classified3
Adjacent and excluded1
Beverages1
Fruit preserves1
Smoked salted and dried foods1
Tea cocoa and coffee ferments1
Cereal, grain, root and starch fermentations275Unfermented breads105Koji, mold starters and mold-ripened ferments3Not yet classified3Adjacent and excluded1Beverages1Fruit preserves1Smoked salted and dried foods1Tea cocoa and coffee ferments1Filtered to
Recipes
Elevated risk
Belizean fry jacks (CIA course version)
A Belizean fried breakfast bread made from baking-powder dough with evaporated milk, shaped into rounds and fried until golden.
Ragi idli batter
An idli batter made from whole ragi (finger millet) and urad with idli rava, each soaked and ground separately, combined, salted and left to ferment overnight.
Multigrain millet idli batter
A multigrain idli batter from a stored blend of sorghum, millets, rice and black gram, with fenugreek kept apart, taken out by the glass and fermented warm.
Millet-flour mantou
A yeast-raised mantou made with millet flour and wheat flour, hand-shaped and steamed. This measured home method uses a first rise to double, a second proof, and a covered rest after steaming.
Uruguayan tortas fritas (leavened, fried rounds)
A University of the Republic of Uruguay recipe for ten yeast-raised tortas fritas. The dough rests for an hour, is divided into ten rounds with a hole in each, then fried in fat at 160°C and drained.
Tin-steamed dombolo (South African steamed bread)
This tin-steamed South African dombolo uses yeast dough with bread flour and olive oil. It rises twice, steams for about an hour, and is checked with a clean skewer.
Sulppang (makgeolli bread)
A soft Korean steamed wheat bread leavened with dry yeast and raw makgeolli, with apple pieces and fresh beans folded through the surface.
Houskové knedlíky
Czech houskové knedlíky are yeast-raised flour dumplings studded with stale white roll cubes, shaped as logs and steamed until tender for serving with sauce.
Bánh tiêu
Bánh tiêu is a lightly sweet Vietnamese fried bread coated with sesame. A yeast-raised dough with baking powder is rolled into small rounds and fried until puffed and golden.
Elevated risk
Bánh bao
Vietnamese steamed wheat buns wrapped around seasoned pork, mushrooms, Chinese sausage and hard-boiled quail eggs. This from-scratch version uses yeast and self-rising flour.
Fijian lolo buns (low-heat coconut-cream pot method)
Soft yeast buns shaped by hand and simmered covered in coconut cream diluted with water in a deep pot. This Fijian home version uses a clean knife or fork inserted into the center as its doneness cue.
Parāoa parai
A yeast-leavened Māori fried bread recipe shared by Aunty Gina Harding, with a 12–14 piece batch, two rises and a 165°C fry.
Hua juan
Hua juan are layered wheat rolls shaped into knots and steamed. This version folds scallions and five-spice between the dough layers and makes eight savory buns.
Gnocco fritto (leavened home method)
This Emilia-Romagna home version uses a measured flour-and-milk dough with yeast, shapes it into small diamonds or squares, and fries them in peanut oil.
Mantou (The Woks of Life all-purpose dough)
Plain wheat mantou made with yeast and baking powder, then proofed and steamed in a lined basket.
Lotus-leaf buns (unfilled folded steamed buns)
These twelve Chinese lotus-leaf buns are folded wheat-dough pockets steamed empty for filling after cooking. The recipe uses yeast, a little baking soda and cornstarch; it does not include the assembled gua bao sandwich or its fillings.
Kazakh baursak
Small rounds of yeasted milk dough, fried in batches. This Kazakh home recipe lists 27 servings.
Elevated risk
Firi firi (Tahitian coconut doughnuts)
Firi firi is a yeast-raised coconut doughnut piped into long pieces and deep-fried at 170°C, traditionally eaten for breakfast or dessert in Tahiti.
Dampfnudeln
Allgäu Dampfnudeln are enriched wheat buns proofed in a covered casserole and cooked in milk and butter until the liquid nearly cooks away.
Newfoundland toutons
Rounds of leftover yeasted white bread dough, rested and shallow-fried slowly in canola oil; served warm with butter and molasses.
Elevated risk
Lángos
Soft yeast dough is shaped into rounds and fried at 180 °C, then brushed with garlic water and topped with sour cream and grated cheese.
Hotteok
Maangchi’s eight-piece hotteok wraps a brown-sugar, cinnamon and walnut filling in yeast dough, then fries and presses the parcels in a pan.
Trinidad bara for doubles
Soft Trinidad bara are thin yeast-raised wheat rounds fried briefly, then paired as two breads around channa and condiments to make doubles.