Elevated risk
Hogweed barszcz
The original Polish barszcz: young hogweed leaves soured in warm water for a few days, then boiled into soup with egg, butter, cream or millet. Recorded from 1595, with warnings about the sap and lookalikes.
Recipes
1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.
Fermented, enzyme-ripened and mixed seasonings328
Fruit preserves10
Legume, seed and plant-protein ferments10
Garum and fish sauces8
Adjacent and excluded7
Koji, mold starters and mold-ripened ferments4
Acid and oil pickles3
Fermented fruit and fruit-derived foods3
Vegetable lactic3
Dairy ferments2
Smoked salted and dried foods2
Cheese1
Not yet classified1
All vegetables144
Lactic-fermented vegetables and shoots93
Fruit preserves20
Acid and oil pickles11
Adjacent and excluded7
Grain and starch ferments5
Condiments and enzymatic seasonings4
Smoked salted and dried foods2
Not yet classified1
Unfermented breads1
Lactic-fermented vegetables and shoots93Fruit preserves20Acid and oil pickles11Adjacent and excluded7Grain and starch ferments5Condiments and enzymatic seasonings4Smoked salted and dried foods2Not yet classified1Unfermented breads1Filtered to
Recipes
Elevated risk
Lacto-fermented beets
Raw beetroot cut and packed into a jar under a salt-water brine, fermented until sour and deeply coloured; the batch weight is not recorded.
Zakwas buraczany
Zakwas buraczany is the fermented red-beet liquid used as the sour base for Polish beet barszcz. The liquid is made from beetroot, garlic, salt and water, and the official sources give no quantities.
White cabbage sauerkraut
A Penn State Extension crock method mixes 5 lb of shredded cabbage with 3 tablespoons of canning or pickling salt, packs it under its own brine and ferments it in a covered container.
Kabocha no nukazuke: pumpkin in a fermented rice-bran bed
Kabocha no nukazuke: Refrigerated commercial fermented bed; use removed portions the same day.
Nukazuke
Japanese pickles made by burying vegetables in nukadoko, a reusable bed of rice bran, salt and water that is turned daily and ripened by lactic and yeast fermentation.
Hwanggwa damjeo (1766 cucumber kimchi with chilli)
Hwanggwa damjeo is a cucumber kimchi from Yu Jung-rim's Jeungbo sallim gyeongje of 1766. Slit cucumbers are packed with chilli powder and garlic, scalded with hot salted water and sealed overnight.
Kimchi
Kimchi is a Korean preserved vegetable food, most often cabbage, salted and seasoned, then fermented by the lactic acid bacteria that arrive with the vegetables. Some studies test added starter cultures, but a home jar is usually spontaneous.
Oi-sobagi
Oi-sobagi is a Korean stuffed cucumber kimchi: salted cucumbers slit and filled with a chive-and-chilli seasoning, eaten fresh or left to ferment.
Lam phueak dong
Thai pickle of young taro leaf stalks, salted, kneaded and held in rice-washing water in an earthen jar at room temperature. JIRCAS records it as a home-level product with no validated endpoint.
Ise takuan
Regional takuan from Ise City, Mie, made with Misono daikon dried on a rack, then matured in a weighted barrel of rice bran and salt for months to years.
Inziangsang
Inziangsang is a Naga fermented food of mustard leaves from Nagaland and Manipur. Crushed, soaked and squeezed leaves ferment for 7 to 10 days, then dry in the sun. A squeezed liquid can be boiled to a concentrate.
Goyang
Goyang is a Sherpa fermented wild leafy food of the Darjeeling hills and Sikkim. Rainy-season magane-saag leaves are packed in a bamboo basket, held at room temperature for about a month, then eaten fresh or dried and used in soup.
Cà muối
Vietnamese salted and fermented small eggplant, dried on the day of purchase, then held submerged in warm salty water with garlic and galingale flower for a week or longer.
Spey chrourk
Cambodian pickle of blanched Chinese mustard greens, dried, then packed in a sweet-salt brine. Sold in Phnom Penh markets and made at home. The readiness times in the home recipe are not validated.
Elevated risk
Soidon
Fermented tender bamboo-shoot tips from Manipur, started with the sour liquid of an earlier batch and eaten in chutneys and curries.
Soibum
Thin slices of juvenile bamboo shoots fermented for six to twelve months in Manipur, eaten as a sour side dish with rice.
Elevated risk
Greek-style black olives in brine
Ripe olives go straight into brine with no lye and cure for months, mostly by yeasts. The home method here is the University of California two-stage brine.
Zuurkool
Dutch zuurkool is white cabbage salted and fermented in bulk. The only documented process in the available record is one North Holland producer’s commercial method from 2016.
Yeolmu kimchi
Korean kimchi of young summer radish and its tender leaves, salted, seasoned with chili and aromatics, and held in a container. Water kimchi is a separate form with its own page, veg-0011.
Takuan-zuke
Japanese pickle of daikon roots dried for about two to three weeks, then matured for months in rice bran and salt under weight. Yamagata is its named association.
Elevated risk
Spanish-style green olives
Spanish-style green olives, or Sevillian green olives, are green fruit treated with lye, rinsed, then fermented in brine for two to six months. The household batch here is a UC ANR method.
Sauerrüben
Swiss fermented white turnips, cut into strips, salted and fermented like sauerkraut; called compote aux raves in French-speaking Switzerland.
Sichuan paocai
Sichuan paocai is a family of vegetables, most often radish, fermented by lactic-acid bacteria in a salted, spiced brine in a water-sealed pottery jar, with mature brine kept and reused.
Orhangazi Gedelek turşusu (cucumber)
Cucumber variant of the registered Gedelek pickle family from Orhangazi, Bursa: cucumbers in a salt brine with garlic and a small amount of acid, held for about 20 to 30 days.
Ogulinsko kiselo zelje (Ogulin sauerkraut)
Protected Croatian sauerkraut from the Ogulin area: fresh white cabbage naturally lactic-fermented without preservatives, sold whole or shredded, from registered establishments.
Ogórki kiszone
Ogórki kiszone are Polish brine-fermented cucumbers. Two registered local practices keep the barrels in a well near Zakliczyn and under lake water at Kalisz Pomorski. Neither gives a validated process.
Moungra
Moungra is a Cypriot preparation of blanched cauliflower coated in mustard and sourdough slurry and matured about a week; the Cyprus Food Museum records three versions with different measures.
Elevated risk
Lung-siej
Young Dendrocalamus hamiltonii shoots fermented in a bamboo cylinder in a stream or in a sealed bottle above a kitchen oven, from Khasi households in Meghalaya.
Kysané zeľí
Kysané zeľí is Czech sour cabbage: shredded cabbage layered with salt and caraway and pressed in a wooden barrel. The regional account is descriptive and gives no validated salt ratio or endpoint.
Kisla repa
Kisla repa is Slovenian sour turnip, made either from grated turnip or from whole roots; a 2023 household guide gives a 1 kg grated batch salted with 20 g salt.
Elevated risk
Khorisa
Khorisa is an Assamese fermented bamboo-shoot food. This page records cultural and lab accounts, not a validated home method. FSANZ says shoots must be fully cooked before eating; it does not validate Khorisa or set its cooking time.
Kapusta kiszona z beczki
Kapusta kiszona z beczki is barrel-fermented cabbage from the Kołobrzeg area, entered on Poland’s List of Traditional Products in 2008. It is salted and fermented, with raw grated carrot added after souring.
Elevated risk
Hirring
Upper tender bamboo-shoot tips, split or flattened, pit-fermented one to three months in Arunachal Pradesh and eaten in curries.
Futoški kupus (Futog sour cabbage)
Serbian sour cabbage from the Futog area, made from the autochthonous Futoški cabbage population and registered as a protected product in 2008. It is a subset of general Serbian kiseli kupus.
Elevated risk
Eup
Pit-fermented bamboo shoots from Arunachal Pradesh, cut smaller and sun-dried for five to ten days, used in curries.
Elia Kalamatas
Elia Kalamatas is a Messinia table olive of the Kalamon variety, picked before full ripeness and fermented in brine for six to nine months; it is a PDO product, not a generic black olive.
Elevated risk
Ekung
Finely chopped young bamboo shoots packed in leaf-lined baskets, sealed in a forest pit and weighted for one to three months, from Arunachal Pradesh.
Dongbei suancai
Napa cabbage fermented in a salt brine in Northeast China, traditionally in large ceramic or glass jars, until it turns sour.
Çubuk turşusu
Çubuk turşusu is a registered pickle from Çubuk district in Ankara. Its cucumber variant is sold as Salatalık Turşusu, and a commercial specification sets its brine and room-temperature period.
Choucroute d’Alsace
Finely cut cabbage fermented with salt in vats by natural lactic fermentation, a protected Alsatian product sold raw or cooked after fermentation.
Elevated risk
Brovada DOP
Source-specific Brovada DOP producer method for Friuli Venezia Giulia turnips and red-grape marc. This records a regulated producer process; it is not a validated home-scale recipe.
Azeitona de conserva Negrinha de Freixo
A Portuguese table-olive product from the Negrinha cultivar in northeastern Portugal, sold in three commercial styles, two of them brined fermentations and one oxidised to black.
High risk
Nham Hed (Thai Fermented Mushrooms)
A Thai sour mushroom preparation: shredded steamed oyster mushrooms, cooked rice, garlic and salt packed into small parcels and soured by lactic acid bacteria over a few days.
Aso takanazuke
Takana mustard greens from Aso in Kumamoto are salted and pressed into a fresh spring pickle, or aged into a sour furuzuke that is fried and mixed into takana rice.
Elevated risk
Anishi
Dried cakes of pounded taro leaves from the Ao Naga in Nagaland, yellowed in a bag, then dried by hot ash or sun and used to flavour meat dishes.
Nozawana-zuke (Nozawanazuke)
Nozawana greens salted in a barrel and weighted overnight, a Nagano household pickle sampled after about two weeks and soured by a month.
Sagohachi-zuke
A traditional Japanese koji pickle from the Tohoku region: vegetables pickled in a matured bed of cooked rice, rice koji and salt, where koji enzymes bring sweetness alongside the salt.
Bettara-zuke
A sweet, crisp Japanese daikon pickle from Tokyo's Nihonbashi district, made by salting fresh radish and dressing it in rice koji, sugar or koji amazake without the heavy drying used for takuan.
Nukazuke cucumber in a rice-bran bed
Cucumber ferments in a maintained rice-bran bed seeded through repeated vegetable scrap picklings; the record includes the starter-bed method.