High risk
Hákarl
A documentary account of Icelandic hákarl, fermented and dried Greenland shark. It describes cultural context and one production study, not a home preparation method.
Recipes
1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.
Fermented, enzyme-ripened and mixed seasonings328
Fruit preserves10
Legume, seed and plant-protein ferments10
Garum and fish sauces8
Adjacent and excluded7
Koji, mold starters and mold-ripened ferments4
Acid and oil pickles3
Fermented fruit and fruit-derived foods3
Vegetable lactic3
Dairy ferments2
Smoked salted and dried foods2
Cheese1
Not yet classified1
All fish and seafood101
Smoked salted and dried foods51
Garum and fish sauces26Fermented whole fish and seafood17
Adjacent and excluded4
Acid and oil pickles2
Fermented, enzyme-ripened and mixed seasonings1
Smoked salted and dried foods51Garum and fish sauces26Fermented whole fish and seafood17Adjacent and excluded4Acid and oil pickles2Fermented, enzyme-ripened and mixed seasonings1Filtered to
Recipes
High risk
Surströmming
Salted, barrel-fermented Baltic herring from Sweden, surströmming is packed in shallow tins where fermentation may continue. Its traditional production is a specialist commercial process, not a household formula.
Fish and onion soup (modern reconstruction)
Trout or salmon poached at the end of a simmered broth of onion and root vegetables, a present-day reconstruction of coastal cooking built on excavated fish bones and a boiling pot.
High risk
Saeujeot (Korean salted fermented shrimp)
Korean fermented seafood made by salting whole small shrimp and maturing them in their own brine, used as a seasoning, in kimchi and with pork.
High risk
Yukola (Nivkh dried salmon)
Pacific salmon opened along the backbone and hung on elevated wooden frameworks to air-dry, the winter provision at the centre of Nivkh household fishing on Sakhalin and the Lower Amur.
High risk
Prahok
Cambodian fermented freshwater fish paste, central to Khmer cuisine. This entry documents source-specific production accounts and study conditions; it does not give a validated household process.
High risk
Myeolchi jeot
Salted anchovies mature in a covered jar with brine. The fish can be seasoned for a meal, while the expressed liquid seasons kimchi and other dishes.
High risk
Som-fak
Som-fak is a Thai fermented freshwater-fish cake. JIRCAS records its ingredients, proportions, wrapping and 3–5-day fermentation, but does not validate a safe household process or endpoint.
High risk
Stockfish
Cod hung on open racks in cold northern air until most of its water has gone, leaving a hard, light, unsalted fish that keeps and travels and must be soaked for days before cooking.
Elevated risk
Pissalat
A salted, fermented paste of small fish from Nice, pounded with olive oil, spices and herbs and spread on bread. Unlike a clear fish sauce, it keeps the solids in the finished condiment.
High risk
Terkin
Terkin, also called meluha, is a Sudanese fermented fish paste or sauce. Sources describe raw and cooked forms and different processing methods; none establishes validated safety controls.
High risk
Tambadiang
Tambadiang is a Senegalese preparation of small whole fish that is pickled or salted and then dried. Sources differ on fish and process details; no single validated recipe or safety endpoint is established.
Elevated risk
Oyster ketchup
Oyster ketchup is a Victorian English shellfish seasoning documented in Mrs Beeton’s 1861 household manual. The page records the historical formula and serving role as evidence, not as a safe modern recipe.
High risk
Mắm nêm fermented anchovy base
A documentary account of mắm nêm, a pungent Vietnamese fermented fish condiment and dip base. The cited cookbook describes a method, but omits essential process details; this page does not provide a home fermentation recipe.
Elevated risk
Nakji jeotgal
Nakji jeotgal is Korean salted octopus, served among jeotgal varieties with rice. This entry documents the dish and one creator’s quick-home version; it does not provide a household preparation method.
High risk
Yeet (Senegalese fermented sea snail)
Yeet is a Senegalese condiment made by fermenting and drying Cymbium sea-snail flesh; published accounts describe different fermentation vessels and durations.
Shidal
Shidal is a fermented fish preparation from Assam, Tripura and neighbouring northeastern regions, made from small dried fish moistened and matured in earthenware. Studies describe salt-free versions that stay solid or pasty.
High risk
Pla som, tilapia batch
Thai pla som made from tilapia salted, filled with sticky rice and garlic, bagged and held at room temperature for about three to four days.
Elevated risk
Kusaya
Izu Islands fish cured by repeated immersion in a maintained microbial brine, then dried. The reused brine, not drying alone, is what defines the product.
High risk
Rakfisk
Rakfisk is a Norwegian preserved fish: cleaned trout or char, salted, packed under pressure and matured cold, usually for about three months, before it is eaten sliced.
Ohaw (Ainu soup)
A four-serving cep ohaw recipe from the former Ainu Museum café in Shiraoi, documented in 2015.
Gunditjmara smoked eel
Short-finned eels, kooyang, smoked for a sustained period in the hollows of large trees at Budj Bim in south-western Victoria, a combined heat, smoke and drying method of the Gunditjmara people.
Elevated risk
Eoriguljeot (Eorigul-jeot)
A Korean salted-oyster jeotgal seasoned with chili, associated especially with Seosan and Ganwoldo. This page records its food culture, not a household preparation method.
Arbroath smokie
Arbroath smokies are whole haddock dry-salted, paired by the tail and hot-smoked in a protected coastal area. Their recorded history links Auchmithie and Arbroath, though the exact origin is unsettled.
High risk
Yúlù
Yúlù is a Chinese fish sauce, a liquid drawn from salted fish, shrimp or fish-processing material after a long natural maturation, most associated with coastal southeastern production.
Tunisian chermoula (fried fish in onion, raisin and harissa sauce)
In Tunisia chermoula is a cooked sweet-sour dish: floured fried fish returned briefly to a sauce of onions cooked in oil with harissa, vinegar, water, honey and raisins.
High risk
Solar-tent dried usipa, utaka and ndunduma
Small Lake Malawi fish, usipa, utaka and ndunduma, dried on racks inside UV-treated polythene solar tents. Tested in Malawi as a drier, less lossy alternative to open sun drying on racks.
High risk
Shottsuru
Shottsuru is the fish sauce of Akita, Japan, made from salted fish, most often the sandfish hatahata, which liquefies over a long maturation of a year or more.
High risk
Shiokara
Shiokara is a Japanese salted and fermented seafood preparation, in which squid or the organs of other fish are matured in salt until the flesh breaks down into a thick, savoury paste that keeps its solids.
High risk
Pla ra
Thai salt-fermented fish paste, matured with rice bran or roasted rice and used as a seasoning in the Northeast and across Thailand. Raw pla ra must be cooked before eating.
Plaa-som (pla som)
Plaa-som is a Thai sour fish: freshwater fish salted overnight, then mixed with cooked rice and garlic and fermented for about five to seven days at ambient temperature.
Ngari
Ngari is a Manipuri fermented fish condiment made from small sun-dried fish, usually Puntius sophore, packed for fermentation. A biochemical study describes a salt-free method; it works as a condiment and ingredient rather than as a filtered sauce.
High risk
Ngapi
Ngapi is a Myanmar name used for varied fermented fish and shrimp pastes. Selected market and processor samples document differences in species, ingredients, and process; the evidence does not support one nationwide formula.
High risk
Ngaphak
Ngaphak is fish split, flattened and roasted and smoked over an open flame on a wire net or woven bamboo mesh, as practised by fish processors around Loktak Lake in Manipur, India.
Elevated risk
Myeolchi-aekjeot (Korean anchovy fish sauce)
Myeolchi-aekjeot is Korean anchovy sauce: whole anchovies salted to about 25 percent brine, fermented for months to years and filtered; its main use is as a kimchi seasoning.
High risk
Momone
Momone is a Ghanaian salted and fermented fish condiment made from varied marine fish. Historical surveys describe both semi-dried and drier products, with salting and drying methods differing across coastal communities.
High risk
Leirou
Leirou is fish smoked in a prepared kiln or room by processors around Loktak Lake in Manipur, India, a method the local survey keeps apart from open-flame ngaphak.
High risk
Lanhouin
Lanhouin is a strongly flavoured fermented fish condiment documented in coastal West Africa, including southern Benin. This page records one published research reproduction as evidence, not as a validated home-preservation recipe.
High risk
Koobi
Koobi is Ghanaian salted and dried tilapia. Sources differ on the brief ripening stage and drying period, and do not establish a single validated household process. This entry records documented variants and their limits.
High risk
Hentak
Manipuri fermented fish-and-aroid paste, formed into balls or kept in an earthen pot, used to season Manipuri dishes. Its method is documented in outline only.
Elevated risk
Hot-smoked salmon
Salmon fillets salted or dry-brined, rested, then cooked and flavoured in a smoker. The method is a cooking process, and the endpoint decides its safety.
High risk
Gravad lax
Salmon is cured with salt, sugar, pepper, dill and lemon zest under refrigeration.
High risk
Gulf shrimp head-and-shell koji garum
Chef Alex Perry makes this modern shrimp garum from Gulf white shrimp heads and shells, koji, water and salt. He holds the mash at 60°C for two months, then strains the liquid for use as a seasoning.
Baja-style fish tacos
Crisp battered white fish in warm corn tortillas with shredded cabbage, lime and fresh salsa. This home version draws on the Ensenada style without claiming to be a definitive historic formula.
Bêche-de-mer (trepang)
Sea cucumber cleaned, boiled and dried, sometimes with smoke, into a long-keeping trade product; Makassan processing in Arnhem Land is documented from at least the eighteenth century.
High risk
Izushi
Hokkaido izushi layers fish, vegetables, rice and kōji for cold-season lactic fermentation. This MAFF recipe uses small hatahata with a vinegar pretreatment; it is one regional household formula, not a universal izushi method.
Dried salted cod
Cod split, salted and dried on flakes until hard, a long-keeping fish that must be desalted and rehydrated before use; the salting and the extensive drying together make it portable where light salting or partial drying does not.
Bagoong isda fish paste
Bagoong isda is a Philippine fish paste: whole small fish salted and left to ferment for a month or more in earthen jars. It is the fish counterpart of bagoong alamang.
High risk
Alaska salmon roe caviar
Salmon roe is separated from skeins and treated in two salt-water stages using a University of Alaska Extension formula.
Elevated risk
Poached stockfish with mustard butter
Rehydrated air-dried Norwegian cod simmered until it flakes, served with boiled potatoes and carrots under a wholegrain-mustard butter whisked from the fish's own poaching liquid.