Ingredients

1086 articles on substrates, cultures and additives.

All grains74Grains, flours and brans34Malts and malt extracts15Legumes and pulses11Nuts and oilseeds9Starches4Coffee, cocoa and tea crops1

Legumes and pulses

11 ingredients

Illustrative editorial still life of cooked canned chickpeas in packing liquid in an open tin beside a bowl of drained chickpeas.
Substrates

Chickpeas (canned)

Canned chickpeas are commercially cooked seeds of Cicer arietinum packed in liquid. The beans and their starchy cooking liquid can both be used; salt and texture vary by brand.

A shallow ceramic dish holds rice grains covered with fluffy white koji mould on a warm ivory background.
Cultures

Aspergillus oryzae

Aspergillus oryzae is the koji mould, a domesticated filamentous fungus grown on steamed grain or soybeans to make the enzyme-rich starter behind sake, soy sauce, miso and shochu.

Editorial image of mature cream cowpea seeds with dark hilum markings, depicting one seed type rather than all cowpea varieties.
Substrates

Cowpeas

Cowpeas are the seeds of Vigna unguiculata, eaten green and freshly shelled or fully mature and dry. Across Africa they serve as food, fodder and a crop partner, while research also examines them in fermented pastes and cereal doughs.

Mature cream-coloured faba beans beside whole and opened green pods on a warm ivory surface.

Faba beans

Faba beans are the seeds and edible pods of the cultivated legume Vicia faba L., also sold as broad beans or fava beans. They are eaten fresh or dried and provide the bean flour used in Ethiopian siljo, a sour fermented condiment.

Dry pale-golden chickpea flour in an ivory ceramic bowl on a warm ivory surface.
Substrates

Chickpea flour

Chickpea flour is milled Cicer arietinum, used as besan in many Indian dishes and as the base of breads such as socca and farinata.

A shallow stoneware bowl holds dry pale whole chickpeas on a warm ivory surface.
Substrates

Chickpeas

Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) are dry pulses eaten whole or milled into flour, which gives socca, farinata and other breads a dense, nutty batter or dough.

Dark oval Parkia biglobosa seeds beside an opened pod with yellow pulp on a warm ivory surface.
Substrates

African locust bean seeds (Parkia biglobosa)

Parkia biglobosa seeds are fermented into regional West African seasonings, including nététou, iru, dawadawa and soumbala. The yellow fruit pulp is a separate food, and names and methods vary by place.

Pale yellow dry soybeans in an ivory bowl, with a few beans nearby.
Substrates

Soybeans

Soybeans are the mature dry seeds of Glycine max, about 40 percent protein and 20 percent oil, the substrate of tempeh, natto, miso, soy sauce and many other fermented foods.

Dried golden yellow split peas heaped in a shallow speckled cream bowl, with loose halves scattered across a warm ivory tabletop.
Substrates

Yellow split peas

Yellow split peas are dried field peas with the seed coat removed and the two halves separated. They cook to a soft, starchy, protein-rich paste for soups, puddings, sweets and one modern peaso garum.

Three speckled cream bowls hold dry orange-red split, green-brown whole and black lentils, with loose seeds scattered across a warm ivory tabletop.
Substrates

Lentils

Lentils are the flat, lens-shaped seeds of Lens culinaris, a legume first cultivated in Southwest Asia 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. They are cooked whole, dehulled, split or milled into flour.

Whole black gram seeds with pale hila in a shallow ceramic bowl on a warm ivory surface.
Substrates

Black gram

Black gram, or urad, is a South Asian pulse whose whole dark seeds and dehulled white dal make distinct cooked and fermented foods.