Hogweed
Hogweed, Heracleum sphondylium, is the meadow plant of the carrot family that gave barszcz its name. Its young leaves were soured into soup; its sap burns skin in sunlight.
Ingredients
1086 articles on substrates, cultures and additives.
Fruit, vegetables and seaweedsFruit, vegetables, roots, alliums, seaweeds and algae.
Grains, legumes and nutsGrains, flours, malts, starches, beans, pulses, nuts, seeds and the coffee, cocoa and tea crops.
Mushrooms and fungiCultivated and wild mushrooms, truffles and other edible fungi, and lichens.
Meat and fishMeat, offal, fat, casings, fish, shellfish and insects.
Dairy and eggsMilk by animal, cream, butter, milk powders, rennets, dairy additives and eggs.
Cultures and startersYeasts, bacteria, moulds, koji, SCOBYs, grains and kept starters that begin a ferment.
Salt and mineralsCooking, named and curing salts, brines, alkalis and mineral additives.
Sugars and sweetenersRefined and unrefined sugars, honeys, syrups, molasses and malt sugars.
Herbs and spicesHerbs, seed and bark spices, peppercorns, chillies, aromatic roots, brewing botanicals and resins.
Oils, sauces and drinksPlant oils, condiments, vinegars, waters and the wines, beers and pickles other recipes use.
Additives and aidsFood acids, sulphites, preservatives, enzymes, leaveners, gelling agents, brewing additives and wrapping leaves.
All spices197
Herbs139
Seed, bark and berry spices18
Dried chilli products10
Hops and brewing botanicals9
Fresh chillies8
Aromatic roots and rhizomes7
Peppercorns6
Herbs139Seed, bark and berry spices18Dried chilli products10Hops and brewing botanicals9Fresh chillies8Aromatic roots and rhizomes7Peppercorns6Herbs
Elderflower (Sambucus nigra)
The flower clusters of black elder (Sambucus nigra), a food flower used in stewed fruit and fritters. The berries, leaves, stems and bark need separate evidence and separate care.
Lemongrass
Lemongrass is Cymbopogon citratus, a tropical grass whose lemon-scented stalks and leaves flavour cooking across South and Southeast Asia. The common name also covers other Cymbopogon species.
Lippia alba
Lippia alba, bushy lippia, is an aromatic shrub of the Americas whose leaves are steeped as a tea, added to sauces in Mexico and used in folk medicine.
Oreganito (Lippia micromera)
Oreganito, Lippia micromera, is a small aromatic shrub whose leaves the Flora de Cuba records as seasoning in place of oregano; no recipe, amount or method is documented.
French oregano
French oregano, Coleus amboinicus, is a fleshy, strongly aromatic mint-family herb used as a seasoning in Cuba, where it is called orégano francés, and across the tropics.
Sour-cherry leaves
Sour-cherry leaves come from Prunus cerasus. They are documented as an aroma ingredient in Thracian hardaliye, but the sources do not establish a safe home preparation or dose.
Bijao leaves (Calathea lutea)
Bijao is the broad, durable leaf of Calathea lutea used in parts of Colombia as food-contact wrapping and lining. The common name also applies to other plants.
Gouania polygama
A woody climbing vine in the buckthorn family, Gouania polygama is gathered for fresh stems used in Cuban pru, where it helps give the fermented botanical drink its characteristic effervescence and taste.
Garden angelica
Angelica here means garden angelica (Angelica archangelica), an aromatic Apiaceae used as a vegetable, seasoning and candied stem, with Sámi food traditions linking it to preserved milk dishes.
Rosita de cacao
The aromatic flower of Quararibea funebris, dried and toasted for tejate in Oaxaca; despite its name, it is not cacao.
Cissus quadrangularis
A succulent climbing vine recorded as a plant layer in Aseer haneeth; sources do not identify which part is used or say whether the plant layer is eaten.
Alpine blue sow-thistle
Cicerbita alpina is an alpine perennial whose tender shoots and leaves have been eaten raw or cooked. Sámi milk preparations and modern Carnian dishes are distinct uses, with serious identification and preservation limits.
Dwarf fireweed
Dwarf fireweed (Epilobium latifolium) is a northern wild herb whose tender leaves and flowers appear in distinct Arctic food traditions.
Pink peppercorn
Pink peppercorn is a shared name for dried fruits of several plants, not true Piper nigrum pepper. MURI documents one fermented use but does not identify its species; allergy evidence is limited and species-specific.
Scented geranium
Fresh scented-leaf Pelargonium leaves bring rose, lemon, mint, or fruit-like aromas to selected sweets, sugars, and infusions; the plant type determines the flavor and food-use evidence.
Rose petals
Rose petals are fragrant floral ingredients used fresh or dried in syrups, jams, jellies, drinks and desserts; culinary use depends on correct identification and food-safe growing.
Wild chervil
Wild chervil is Anthriscus sylvestris, a mildly aromatic wild leafy herb distinct from garden chervil. It resembles poisonous Apiaceae; this account is not a foraging identification guide.
Heartleaf saxifrage leaves
Heartleaf saxifrage is a small Arctic perennial whose soft, toothed leaves are recorded as food among Naukan and Chukchi communities. The botanical name appears as Micranthes nelsoniana and Saxifraga nelsoniana in different references.
Chincho
Chincho is the aromatic leaf of Tagetes elliptica, a perennial Andean herb used especially to season pachamanca in Peru's central highlands.
Butterfly pea flower
Clitoria ternatea's blue flower is used as a colourant and appears in a Thai dried-flower tea product. Food use is preparation-specific; EFSA raised safety objections to a dried-flower traditional-food notification.
Sumac
Sumac is the tart fruit seasoning of several shrubs in the genus Rhus; Mediterranean spice is usually Rhus coriaria, while North American sumac berries also make a sour drink.
Few-flowered garlic (Allium paradoxum)
Few-flowered garlic (Allium paradoxum) is a bulbous perennial native from eastern Ukraine through the Caucasus to Iran. Its leaves and, in some documented traditions, stems, bulbs or bulbils are eaten fresh, cooked or preserved.
Red perilla
Red perilla is the purple-leaved form of Perilla frutescens used as a fresh aromatic leaf and as a color-giving herb in some East Asian foods. This page distinguishes that form from green perilla leaves and from perilla seed.
Raspberry leaves
Fresh raspberry leaves are reported as a colour-giving material in Phongsaly lao-lao distillation. The account does not identify the plant species.
Osmanthus flower
The fragrant flowers of Osmanthus fragrans are used as an aromatic food in East Asian teas, sweets and drinks; species identification and food-grade sourcing matter.
Rosebay willowherb
Rosebay willowherb (fireweed) is a widespread northern perennial whose tender shoots, young leaves and pink petals have distinct seasonal uses. Mature leaves become tougher and stronger in flavor; its leaf tea may be mildly laxative.
Summer savory
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis) is an annual aromatic herb whose fresh or dried leaves season beans, vegetables and other foods.
Yaupon
Yaupon is the caffeinated leaf of the southeastern North American holly Ilex vomitoria, dried and sometimes roasted for infusions. Its identity and cultural history differ from other hollies.
Spruce tips
Spruce tips are the soft, light-green new shoots at spruce twig ends, used as a seasonal aromatic in some regional foods. The Jezersko preserves record does not identify its spruce species.
Scurvygrass
Scurvygrass is Cochlearia officinalis, a fleshy-leaved coastal herb whose leaves have been eaten raw or boiled. Svalbard Museum records Norwegian trappers consuming it historically; that account does not give a preparation method.
Blue fenugreek
Blue fenugreek (Trigonella caerulea) is an aromatic annual used as an herb in Alpine cheese and bread and as a seed spice in Georgian cooking; its identity differs from common fenugreek.
Lemongrass (tender centre)
Food uses and cultivation reports for Cymbopogon citratus, with regional limits and a clear distinction between fresh culinary plant material and traded essential oil.
Honeybush
C. genistoides has a species-specific Cape tea history and cultivation evidence, alongside broader genus-level honeybush accounts. Propagation and crop observations vary by source, setting and plant material.
Samphire
Kew accepts Salicornia europaea, while older glasswort names can cover broader groups. French sources report food uses; one study tested S. europaea var. aprica under controlled salt treatments.
Hibiscus (roselle/bissap) calyx
A source-linked account of roselle's leafy and calyx uses, with Kew's updated name treatment and region-specific growing observations kept visible.
Pennywort
A guide to Centella food reports from Thai, Sri Lankan and Taishan sources, with Thai and Sri Lankan cultivation guidance and common-name, plant-part and local-status uncertainties preserved.
Dill
Dill is an annual culinary herb grown for its leaves, flowers and seeds. Garden guidance and regional food sources describe different harvest stages and dishes, with cultivation advice that varies by climate and intended crop.
Guayusa leaves
Kew accepts Ilex guayusa. A qualitative study documents leaf-infusion and chakra accounts from a bounded group of Kichwa producers connected to Napo; its variable reports are not a standardized beverage method or measured crop guide.
Nettle
A source-linked account of common stinging nettle as a food plant and spreading perennial, with regional cooking reports, handling cautions and cultivation limits.
Allium tricoccum (ramp, wild leek, wild garlic)
Allium tricoccum is a North American spring ephemeral documented in Appalachian food and cultivation sources. Older ramp studies may combine it with Allium burdickii or use a broader variety concept.
Wild garlic
A source-linked account of ramsons as a European spring woodland plant and culinary leaf, with cultivation limits and serious wild-harvest lookalike warnings.
Sheep sorrel
Rumex acetosella is a small perennial distinct from common sorrel and from Oxalis plants also called wood sorrel. RHS sources report edible leaves but also warn against eating large quantities; they do not provide a safe amount or a complete species-specific recipe.
Perilla leaf
A guide to Perilla names, food uses and regional cultivation reports, with cultivar and plant-part boundaries kept visible.
Kawakawa leaf
Kawakawa is a New Zealand pepper-family plant with source-specific Māori food knowledge, dated regulatory views for dried leaves and cultivation advice that varies by taxonomic and regional scope.
Sage
Common or culinary sage, Salvia officinalis: a perennial subshrub of southern Europe whose aromatic leaves season stuffings and meat, used fresh, dried or frozen.
Basil
A source-linked overview of sweet basil's culinary names, one Ligurian pesto account, and the limits of UK and Maryland growing advice.
Thyme
A culinary thyme with source-specific garden guidance and a regional Italian record of seasoning and tisane use.
Fenugreek
Fenugreek has separate leaf and seed food uses. This account distinguishes Tamil Nadu field guidance and a Gujarat protected-crop trial from two Egyptian station experiments, regional food reports and untested household container growing.
Rooibos
South African tea use and crop reports describe A. linearis, while cultivar, wild ecotype and regional growing observations remain distinct. No complete consumer recipe or universal growing threshold was established.