Recipes

1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.

All grains and starches115Unfermented breads100Cereal, grain, root and starch fermentations10Not yet classified2Adjacent and excluded1Fruit preserves1Smoked salted and dried foods1
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Recipes

Illustrative small Uzbek-style unleavened Qatlama Patir: a ghee-layered spiral flatbread baked in a home oven, not a verified photograph of a specific batch.

Qatlama patir

A small Uzbek-style layered flatbread, made with wheat dough and ghee and baked in a home oven.

Uzbekistan · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Three finished plain arepas made from precooked corn flour, lightly griddled to golden brown; one is split to show its tender corn crumb.

Arepa made with precooked corn flour

This household version combines precooked corn flour, warm water and salt, then cooks thick rounds on a lightly oiled skillet or griddle. It is one source-specific arepa method, not a universal Colombian or Venezuelan formula.

Venezuela · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Four plain whole-wheat roshi, thin and pliable with small griddle-browned spots.

Whole-wheat roshi

A Maldivian flatbread made with whole-wheat atta, rolled thin and cooked on a hot pan. This batch makes four.

Maldives · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A hand-patted Karnataka ragi rotti with onion and coriander flecks and four cooking holes, on a matte ivory plate.

Ragi rotti

A Karnataka finger-millet flatbread with onion and spices, hand-patted and cooked on a covered tawa. This batch makes four.

Karnataka · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Round, lightly browned layered Old Dhaka bakarkhani with three slits and optional sesame seeds; illustrative of the linked home recipe.

Old Dhaka bakarkhani

A firm, layered bread from Old Dhaka, made with mawa and ghee and baked until lightly browned.

Dhaka · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Lightly golden, sesame-topped oval Shanghai da bing with visible scallion flecks.

Shanghai da bing

Shanghai breakfast flatbreads layered with butter, scallion and pepper, then topped with sesame and baked.

Shanghai
· Grains and starches
Stacked Kenyan chapatis with golden griddle spots and visible flaky layers.

Kenyan chapati

Six Kenyan layered wheat flatbreads, pleated with ghee, coiled and cooked on a griddle.

Kenya · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Illustrative Somali Sabaayad: folded, unleavened wheat flatbreads with thin layers and golden griddle spots.

Sabaayad (Somali folded flatbread)

An unleavened Somali wheat flatbread made by oiling and folding soft dough into layers, then griddle-cooking it until browned.

Somalia · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Thin, griddle-browned Armenian zhingyalov hats, one whole and one cut open to show finely chopped greens and herbs.

Zhingyalov hats (greens-filled flatbread)

An unleavened Armenian flatbread filled with mixed greens and herbs, sealed into an oval and cooked on a griddle.

Artsakh · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Four thin, golden kitcha flatbreads with toasted spots stacked on a metal plate.

Kita (kitcha)

An unleavened Ethiopian and Eritrean wheat flatbread, rolled thin and cooked in clarified butter.

Ethiopia · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Two thin golden Afghan potato-and-scallion bolani, one cut open to show its mashed potato, scallion and cilantro filling.

Bolani e kachaloo (potato and scallion)

A thin, unleavened Afghan flatbread filled with mashed potato, scallion and cilantro, folded and pan-browned. This version uses a dough made from scratch.

Afghanistan · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Two plain Thai rotis, thin and golden with delicate griddle-browned layers.

Thai roti (stretched griddle bread)

An unleavened wheat dough is rested in oiled portions, stretched almost transparent, coiled, flattened and fried on an oiled griddle. This source batch serves plain roti with optional condensed milk and sugar.

Thailand · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Three light-golden youtiao, paired fried dough sticks, with one broken end showing an airy hollow crumb.

Youtiao

Youtiao are Chinese breakfast crullers made from soft baking-powder dough, chilled overnight, stretched into paired strips and fried until light golden.

China · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Original editorial photograph of soft Norwegian potato lefse and lomper, plain and folded with subtle golden griddle spots.

Potato lefse and lomper

Soft Norwegian potato flatbreads with wheat and sifted rye flour, rolled into rounds and cooked on a dry griddle.

Norway · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A golden chipa guazú fresh-corn bake in a shallow dish, with one moist corn-studded square served beside it.

Chipa guazú

A Paraguayan fresh-corn bake mixed with Queso Paraguay, onion, eggs and milk, served in moist squares.

Paraguay · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
A thin golden Gambir flatbread, rolled in layers and pan-fried, with two small parallel slits near the center

Gambir

Mongolian pan-fried flatbreads made by folding sugar and oil through a simple wheat dough.

Mongolia · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Illustrative original photograph of plain round, porous, griddle-cooked buckwheat khur-le pancakes in a stack; the page documents a milk-and-egg home adaptation.

Khur-le buckwheat pancakes

Bhutanese-style buckwheat pancakes made with milk and egg, cooked on a hot pan. This home version serves three.

Bumthang · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Plain round chatamari rice-flour crepe on a ceramic plate with a small separate bowl of chutney.

Plain chatamari

A Newar rice-flour crepe cooked covered on a pan. This Nepal Tourism Board method serves it plain with accompaniments.

Nepal · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Golden round Kyrgyz onion kattama with a cut wedge showing its thin spiral layers and softened onion filling.

Kyrgyz onion kattama

A Kyrgyz layered flatbread filled with softened onion, coiled and pan-fried. This home batch makes four.

Kyrgyzstan · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Shanghai-style scallion pancakes, one cut to show the flaky layers and scallions inside.

Shanghai Scallion Pancakes (Cong You Bing)

Bill Leung’s Shanghai-style scallion pancakes layer soft wheat dough with scallions and an oil-flour paste, then fry and finish in the oven.

China · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Small Sri Lankan pol roti made with fresh grated coconut, browned in spots on a tawa and served plain on a ceramic plate.

Sri Lankan pol roti

An unleavened Sri Lankan flatbread made with fresh grated coconut and wheat flour, cooked on a tawa.

Sri Lanka · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Illustrative serving of Mangalore banana buns, puffed golden fried rounds on a pale plate; not a specific recipe batch.

Mangalore banana buns

Sweet banana and wheat breads, rolled into rounds and fried. This coastal Karnataka home version rests the dough for 30 minutes.

Karnataka · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Golden round Ecuadorian pan de yuca cheese buns, one cut open to show its soft interior

Ecuadorian pan de yuca: Laylita's version

Small cassava-starch cheese breads mixed in a processor, chilled, baked and briefly browned under a broiler. This is Laylita's Ecuadorian-style formula.

Ecuador · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Finished Chickasaw Nation fry bread in the source-specific form: small golden-brown rectangular pieces with a center slit, served plain on an ivory plate.

Chickasaw Nation fry bread

A soft egg-and-flour dough is lightly kneaded, cut into strips and fried until browned on both sides.

Sulphur
· Grains and starches
Golden fried Jamaican bammy cakes with a cut wedge showing the white cassava interior, served with a small side of fish and pickled peppers.

Bammy finished with coconut milk

A serving method for approved, prepared bammy rounds: soak them in coconut milk and refry until golden. It does not process raw cassava.

Jamaica · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Square Bahamian johnnycake baked golden in a glass pan, with two thick pieces showing its pale crumb

Bahamian baked johnnycake

A soft, butter-rich Bahamian-style baked johnnycake made from flour, baking powder, sugar, butter and milk. The dough rests briefly in a square pan before baking.

The Bahamas
· Grains and starches
Three light-golden puffed bhatura breads served with a small bowl of chole.

Bhatura

A North Indian fried bread made with yogurt, wheat flour and chemical leaveners. This source batch makes eight.

India · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A stack of thin golden Malabar parottas, one opened to show its flaky coiled layers.

Malabar parotta

A layered Kerala flatbread made with an unleavened refined-wheat dough, stretched, coiled and cooked on a tawa.

Kerala · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Original editorial photograph of Punjabi aloo paratha: thin round whole-wheat flatbreads with browned tawa spots and a modest glimpse of spiced potato filling.

Punjabi aloo paratha

Unleavened wheat flatbreads filled with seasoned mashed potato and cooked on a tawa. This Punjabi-style batch makes eight.

India · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Four golden Southern-style buttermilk biscuits on an ivory plate, one split to show a tender layered interior.

Southern-style buttermilk biscuits

A small batch of tender American quick breads made with cold butter, buttermilk and baking powder.

Southern United States · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Three thick, round Balep korkun breads with golden skillet marks on a blue plate, one opened to show its tender crumb.

Balep korkun

A Central Tibetan style pan bread made from flour, water and baking powder. Four dough balls are rested, rolled into rounds and cooked covered in a skillet, turning them several times.

Central Tibet
· Grains and starches
A freshly cooked golden lachha paratha with fine spiral layers and a few coriander flecks on a plain ceramic plate.

Lachha paratha with coriander and cumin

A layered wheat paratha, rolled with ghee, coriander, garlic and cumin and cooked on a tawa. This batch makes twelve.

India · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A plain round Gujarati khakhra, thin and crisp with light-brown tawa-roasted spots, on a simple plate.

Khakhra

A thin Gujarati wheat flatbread, pressed and roasted over low heat until crisp and lightly browned.

Gujarat · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Thin golden-brown Gujarati methi thepla flatbreads with fresh fenugreek flecks and griddle spots.

Methi thepla

A Gujarati flatbread made with fresh fenugreek leaves, wheat, gram and millet flours, and spices. This batch makes about 11.

Gujarat · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Warm golden Colombian almojábanas, with a soft cheese-and-corn crumb on a ceramic plate.

Almojábanas

Small Colombian cheese breads made with precooked corn flour, queso fresco, mozzarella, eggs, milk and baking powder. This documented home version makes eight breads and is served warm.

Colombia
· Grains and starches
Thin golden farinata with lightly browned edges and chopped onion, cut into wedges in a shallow copper pan.

Farinata (Riviera dei Fiori recipe)

This farinata is a chickpea-flour batter baked with olive oil in a pan. The Riviera dei Fiori version makes six and uses a 200–250°C oven.

Riviera dei Fiori, Liguria · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Golden-flecked akki rotti, a vegetable-studded rice-flour flatbread on a ceramic plate.

Akki rotti (Karnataka rice-flour flatbread)

This Karnataka-style akki rotti mixes fine rice flour with vegetables, coconut, herbs and spices, then hand-pats and griddle-cooks the dough.

Karnataka · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A stack of round takakau skillet flatbreads with golden-brown patches and a light garlic-herb butter finish.

Takakau (skillet flatbread)

Christall Lowe's whānau takakau is an eight-piece wheat flatbread enriched with milk and oil or butter, rested briefly, then cooked one at a time in a skillet.

Aotearoa New Zealand · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Thin golden Socca nicoise chickpea pancake with toasted spots and a few crisp charred flecks, shown on its cooking pan.

Socca niçoise

A Nice socca batter of chickpea flour, water, olive oil and salt, spread thin on a 50-centimetre copper plate and baked very hot. This formula is distinct from the Genoese farinata page.

Nice, France · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A small stack of thin whole-wheat chapatis with golden-brown tawa spots.

Chapati

This measured chapati uses whole-wheat atta and water, with salt and oil or ghee optional. Rest the dough, roll it thin and cook through on a hot tawa; it is distinct from the partly cooked, puffed phulka route.

India
· Grains and starches
Three rustic pearl-millet rotis with browned tawa spots on an ivory plate.

Bajra roti

A pearl-millet flatbread shaped between sheets and cooked on a hot tawa. This home batch makes eight.

India · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Illustrative Rumali roti from the published wheat batch: very thin lightly spotted flatbread cooked on an inverted tawa and folded into soft quarters.

Rumali roti

Thin, soft wheat flatbreads rolled wide and cooked quickly on a hot tawa. Their name refers to a handkerchief.

India · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Punjabi makki di roti made with maize flour, fenugreek and wheat flour, cooked golden on a tawa.

Makki di roti

A Punjabi maize-flour flatbread cooked on a tawa. This version adds a little whole-wheat flour and fresh fenugreek.

Punjab · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A stack of flat golden missi roti with browned tawa spots, onion, chilli and coriander flecks, topped with a small pat of butter.

Missi roti

A chickpea-and-wheat flatbread made with spices, onion and herbs, rolled and cooked on a tawa. This batch makes sixteen.

India · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Plain maize tortillas made from nixtamalized masa, stacked with one folded to show their soft flexible structure; editorial image, not a photograph of a particular batch.

Maize tortillas

Fresh nixtamalized maize is ground into masa, pressed into thin rounds and cooked on a comal. This Mexican home formula uses food-grade cal viva and makes about 20 tortillas.

Mexico · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
A stack of crisp Scottish oatcakes on a pale ceramic plate.

Scottish oatcakes

A thin Scottish oatcake of medium oatmeal, butter, salt, bicarbonate of soda and boiling water. This measured oven adaptation differs from older girdle methods and soft, yeasted Staffordshire oatcakes.

Scotland
· Grains and starches
A fruit-studded bara brith tea loaf with a buttered slice and tea

Bara brith

Bara brith is Wales’s speckled fruit loaf, made in both yeasted bread forms and the widely served modern tea-loaf style. This version soaks dried fruit in strong tea before mixing it with self-raising flour, spice, sugar and egg.

Wales
· Grains and starches