Recipes

1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.

All grains and starches78Cereal, grain, root and starch fermentations61Unfermented breads17
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Recipes

Porous brown teff injera on a ceramic plate.
Elevated risk

Teff injera, 24-hour home method

A modern home adaptation of Ethiopian injera using a 24-hour fermentation window. This method balances traditional souring with accessible ingredients like baking powder or starter cultures to achieve the characteristic porous texture.

Debre Zeyit · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A bubbly, risen whole-wheat sourdough starter in a clear glass crock

Sourdough starter with a whole-wheat first feed

A flour-and-water starter begins with whole-wheat flour, then receives regular all-purpose flour feeds. Once established, this living culture can raise bread dough.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three thick South County Rhode Island johnnycakes with crisp browned surfaces and butter on a plain plate.

South County Rhode Island johnnycakes

Thicker cornmeal cakes scalded with boiling water and cooked in butter. This South County formula is separate from thin Newport milk-batter cakes and Caribbean wheat breads.

South County, Rhode Island · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three plain golden sourdough pancakes stacked on an ivory plate.

Overnight sourdough pancakes

Buttermilk, flour and sourdough discard rest overnight before eggs and baking soda turn the sponge into a griddle batter. The finished pancakes are tender and lightly tangy.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three plain white, gently domed rice-and-urad idlis; one cut to show a soft, evenly porous crumb.

Rice and urad idli

Rice and urad idli uses a source-specific naturally fermented grain and urad batter, then cooks it by steaming in moulds. The creator leaves some process measures unquantified.

Modern method
· Grains and starches
Pale-golden millet mantou steamed in a bamboo basket, with one plain bun beside it.

Millet-flour mantou

A yeast-raised mantou made with millet flour and wheat flour, hand-shaped and steamed. This measured home method uses a first rise to double, a second proof, and a covered rest after steaming.

Modern method
· Grains and starches
Surinamese puntjes, pointed yeast rolls with a light semolina coating and a pressed crosswise seam.

Surinamese puntjes

Pointed, yeast-raised Surinamese rolls with a light crumb and a thin crust, shaped with a pressed seam and baked with a semolina coating.

Suriname · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A golden pan de jamon loaf and a slice showing its ham, olive and raisin filling.
Elevated risk

Pan de jamón

Pan de jamón is a Venezuelan Christmas bread: soft yeast dough rolled around ham, olives and raisins, then baked as a filled loaf.

Venezuela · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Four small plain Mushi-pan cakes in white paper liners on an ivory plate.

Mushi-pan (Japanese steamed quick cakes)

Mushi-pan are Japanese steamed quick cakes made from a lightly sweetened wheat batter raised with baking powder. This four-cake version is cooked in paper-lined ramekins set in a shallow pan of boiling water.

Japan · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Golden square libritos de grasa layered into book-like folds, with fork-prick marks.

Libritos de grasa

Libritos de grasa are small Argentine laminated yeast rolls made with wheat flour and beef fat, folded into book-like pieces and served with mate.

Argentina · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Golden Swedish cinnamon-bun spirals baked in paper cases and topped with pearl sugar.

Kanelbullar (Swedish cinnamon buns)

Soft Swedish wheat buns filled with butter, sugar and cinnamon. This 20-bun home batch uses fresh yeast, two short proofs and pearl sugar.

Sweden · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Illustrative Jamaican hard dough bread loaf with a gently domed golden crust and close, soft crumb.

Hard dough bread

Jamaican hard dough bread is a firm, close-crumbed yeasted wheat loaf with a thicker crust and a soft, chewy interior. Roll the dough tightly and bake it in a loaf tin.

Jamaica · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A bowl of pale wheat-flour-and-water poolish with a bubbly surface after fermentation.

Poolish

Poolish is a loose, unsalted bread preferment of roughly equal weights of wheat flour and water with a pinch of baker's yeast, left to ripen before it goes into the final dough.

Vienna · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A dark Jamaican Easter spice bun quick-bread loaf with fruit-studded slices and cheddar on a pale platter.

Jamaican Easter spice bun

A Jamaican Easter loaf made from a dark, sweet batter of stout, dried fruit and warm spices. This version uses baking powder and a loaf pan; yeast-raised variations are separate preparations.

Jamaica · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Four golden Brazilian pão de queijo buns, one cut open to show its airy interior, on an ivory plate.

Pão de queijo: Ricardo Gonzalez's version

Scooped tapioca-starch buns made by scalding the starch, then beating in garlic, cheese and eggs. This named version has no dough-fermentation stage.

Brazil · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Finished sesame-coated Koulouri Thessalonikis, a golden wheat bread ring on parchment.

Koulouri Thessalonikis

The Thessaloniki City of Gastronomy page gives a 15–18-ring yeast dough, dipped in sweetened water and sesame before baking. Its fresh yeast is listed as one dice without a mass, which remains unresolved.

Thessaloniki, Greece · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Two golden soft sourdough pretzels with coarse salt on an ivory platter.

Sourdough discard pretzels

Unfed sourdough starter flavours a soft pretzel dough raised with instant yeast. After a short rest, the dough is shaped, brushed with a sweet wash, salted and baked without a final proof.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Golden Belgian cramique loaf with raisins baked through its soft crumb, shown with slices.

Cramique

A tender Belgian wheat loaf enriched with milk, butter and egg, with raisins scattered through the crumb. Cramique is sliced for breakfast or a snack, often with butter, jam or chocolate cream.

Flanders · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Small Brazilian pão francês rolls with a crisp golden crust and airy crumb.

Pão francês

A Brazilian wheat roll with a crisp crust, this home batch uses dry baker’s yeast and a steam-assisted oven bake.

Brazil · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A few small round golden Belgian pistolet rolls, one split open to show a soft, airy crumb.

Belgian pistolet

A crisp Belgian roll made from a supplier’s Croc-flour dough, mixed by hand or machine, proofed in rounds and baked with steam.

Brussels · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A thin folded Staffordshire oatcake filled with mushrooms and melted cheese on a cream plate, beside oatmeal and flour.

Staffordshire oatcake

A North Staffordshire speciality, this soft yeast-raised oat-and-wheat pancake is cooked on a pan or griddle and folded around a savoury filling.

Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A long strip of soft, lightly flour-dusted Guatemalan pan francés made of joined double-roll sections.

Pan francés guatemalteco

Pan francés guatemalteco is a soft yeast bread shaped as a long strip of joined double rolls and commonly served with dishes such as tamales colorados.

Guatemala · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A finished round no-knead sourdough boule with a cross-scored crust and a slice showing the open crumb.

No-knead sourdough loaf

A ripe sourdough starter leavens this modern low-handling loaf. Three hourly folds organize the sticky dough before a long refrigerator rest, final proof and covered bake.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A tall domed golden-brown overnight panettone in a plain paper mold, with a slice showing airy crumb and raisins, apricots, cranberries and dried pineapple.

Overnight panettone: King Arthur version

A modern instant-yeast panettone with an overnight flour-and-water preferment and mixed dried fruit. It is separate from specialist sourdough panettone methods.

Lombardy · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Illustrative Javanese-style martabak telor parcel, pan-fried golden with a visible beef, egg and leek filling.

Murtabak

A Javanese-style Indonesian savoury parcel of thin rested wheat dough folded around curry-seasoned beef and egg, then cooked in an oiled skillet.

Java · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A walnut potica ring with a cut slice showing its spiral filling.

Slovenian walnut potica (home adaptation)

A home adaptation of Slovenia's walnut potica specification: enriched yeast dough is rolled around a cold walnut filling, proofed in a ring mould and baked.

Slovenia · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Round Dutch tiger rolls with a golden crackled rice-flour crust and soft crumb.

Tiger rolls (rice-paste crust)

These Dutch-associated wheat rolls carry a yeast-raised rice-flour paste that dries into a split, crunchy crust.

Netherlands · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Soft golden Korean soboro-ppang buns with rugged peanut streusel caps and a fluffy plain crumb.

Soboro-ppang (Jennifer’s 10-bun recipe)

Ten soft, sweet yeast buns with a crisp, peanut butter streusel topping, shaped by hand and baked until golden.

Korea · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Golden sesame and poppy seed Montréal-style bagels on parchment and a wooden board, one torn open to show its pale crumb.

Montréal-style bagels

Eight slender Québec-style rings are hand-shaped, simmered in sweetened water, seeded and baked on a preheated stone in this home adaptation.

Québec · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Two wide, golden Greek Lagana loaves topped with sesame seeds on parchment.

Lagana (Diane Kochilas yeast version)

Diane Kochilas’s yeast-raised Lagana makes two wide, sesame-topped loaves for Clean Monday. Her Athens-neighborhood version is distinct from the unleavened Lagana also described in the recipe’s cultural context.

Greece · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A glossy golden braided tsoureki loaf topped with almond slivers, on parchment over a wooden table.

Tsoureki (My Greek Dish Easter bread)

Eli K. Giannopoulos’s recipe makes two braided tsourekia with mastic, mahleb and orange, followed by an optional syrup. It is one modern Greek Easter-bread formula, not a universal regional standard.

Greece · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Illustrative sourdough English muffins: griddle-browned rounds with one split to show an irregular airy crumb.

Sourdough English muffins

A soft English muffin dough combines sourdough starter with baker’s yeast, then rises, is cut into rounds and cooks on a griddle. The starter adds tang; the added yeast helps it rise.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Empty folded lotus-leaf buns in a bamboo steamer, with one plain bun opened to show its pocket.

Lotus-leaf buns (unfilled folded steamed buns)

These twelve Chinese lotus-leaf buns are folded wheat-dough pockets steamed empty for filling after cooking. The recipe uses yeast, a little baking soda and cornstarch; it does not include the assembled gua bao sandwich or its fillings.

China · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three soft golden Dampfnudeln cooked in a dark pan with milk and butter, one showing its caramelized underside.

Dampfnudeln

Allgäu Dampfnudeln are enriched wheat buns proofed in a covered casserole and cooked in milk and butter until the liquid nearly cooks away.

Allgäu · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three pale, flour-dusted molletes de Antequera, one opened to show its soft white crumb.

Mollete de Antequera

A soft, flattened wheat roll from Antequera, baked pale and often toasted for breakfast or filled as a snack.

Antequera, Málaga, Andalusia; announcement includes Fuente de Piedra in elaboration/packing area. · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three golden English muffins, one fork-split to show their open crumb.

English muffins: King Arthur yeast-preferment version

King Arthur’s six-piece English muffin batch uses a yeast preferment, two folds and a skillet or electric griddle; it is distinct from the sourdough-and-yeast version already catalogued.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A round golden broa de milho loaf with a deeply cracked crust and dense yellow crumb, sliced on a wooden board.

Broa

This modern home broa de milho uses scalded maize flour and a wheat-flour yeast sponge; it is distinct from Northern Portuguese maize-and-rye sourdough breads.

Portugal · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three lightly browned baiji mo flatbreads on a ceramic plate, one split to show its plain interior.

Baiji mo (Bai ji mo)

This Shaanxi-associated yeast flatbread uses a simple water dough, coiled shaping and a skillet bake. It is the bread used in roujiamo, not the filled meat dish.

Shaanxi · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Plain Ulster soda farls, four quarter-round soda breads cooked on a griddle with mottled golden-brown faces and a soft pale crumb.

Plain Ulster soda farls

A buttermilk-and-soda wheat dough cut into quarters and cooked on a griddle, following Paula's plain version for Discover Ulster-Scots.

Ulster · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Golden Genovese focaccia in a baking tray, its olive-oil and salt dimples visible beside an airy cut crumb.

Genovese focaccia: Ezio Rocchi's version

Fresh-yeast focaccia with olive oil and brine in its dimples, made in two 30 × 40 cm trays. It is separate from the sourdough focaccia formula.

Liguria · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Two thin, round, lightly toasted Lapin ohrarieska barley flatbreads with fork-pricked surfaces on a wooden board.

Lapland barley rieska

Two barley flatbreads made with cold dough and baked rapidly on a hot sheet, following Timo Lepistö's northern Finnish formula.

Finnish Lapland · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three small pan-cooked mchadi cornmeal cakes, one broken to show its pale dense crumb

Mchadi: Georgian pan-cooked cornbread

Unleavened cornmeal cakes mixed with cold water and cooked on both sides in a covered-then-uncovered pan. Cheese is served alongside rather than mixed into this dough.

western Georgia · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three golden Paraguayan chipa rings on an ivory plate, one broken open to show its interior.

Paraguayan chipa: Laylita's version

Cassava-starch cheese rings made with mozzarella, eggs and milk, with optional anise. This modern version uses baking powder and no dough fermentation.

Paraguay · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Illustrative Orkney barley-or-oat bannocks: two thick, lightly griddled rounds with coarse tan crumb; not a photograph of Anne Johnson's batch.

Orkney barley or oat bannocks

Two round, chemically raised bannocks made with equal weights of white flour and beremeal, barley flour or oat flour, following Anne Johnson's Orkney formula.

Orkney · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Frisian suikerbrood loaf and slices showing a soft cinnamon-sugar swirl and pearl sugar.

Frisian suikerbrood: Toine's version

Yeasted sugar bread with cinnamon, pearl sugar and ginger syrup, shaped into two standard loaves or three paper-pan loaves.

Friesland · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Original editorial reconstruction of a closed, round, golden-browned Imeretian cheese bread cooked in a skillet.

Gunda's pan-fried Imeretian khachapuri

Closed round cheese breads made with sour-cream dough and cooked in a frying pan. This named Gunda version has no added yeast or proofing stage.

Imereti · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A ripe stiff biga, broken into irregular pale flour-and-water clumps with small fermentation pores in a clear bowl.

Biga

Biga is an Italian bread preferment of flour, water and a little yeast, usually a stiff unsalted mass of about 45 per cent water, fermented ahead and then mixed into the final dough.

Italy · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three finished plain arepas made from precooked corn flour, lightly griddled to golden brown; one is split to show its tender corn crumb.

Arepa made with precooked corn flour

This household version combines precooked corn flour, warm water and salt, then cooks thick rounds on a lightly oiled skillet or griddle. It is one source-specific arepa method, not a universal Colombian or Venezuelan formula.

Venezuela · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Round golden wheat-and-cornmeal mantou steamed in a bamboo basket, one cut open to show its tender crumb.

Cornmeal mantou

A Chinese cornmeal mantou made with wheat flour, cornmeal, water and yeast. The dough rises until doubled, is shaped into ten rounds, proofed briefly and steamed.

China · Modern method
· Grains and starches