Recipes

1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.

Recipes

Photograph of Vinegar and pepper barbecue sauce.

Vinegar and pepper barbecue sauce

A thin eastern North Carolina sauce of distilled vinegar, pepper flakes, black pepper and salt, mixed cold and used to season chopped or pulled pork.

Eastern North Carolina
Editorial illustration of Mahyawa as a dark amber fish sauce served beside thin flatbread; the bottle and serving form are approximate, not a documentary record of one regional vessel.
High risk

Mahyawa (mahyaveh)

Mahyawa, also written mahyaveh, is a traditional fish sauce from southern Iran, made by salting small sardines or anchovies in water, maturing them in jars and seasoning the filtered liquid with mustard and spices.

Fars and Hormozgan
Fish and seafood
Photograph of Ocopa.

Ocopa

Ocopa is a sauce from Arequipa, Peru, of huacatay, dried mirasol chillies, nuts, fresh cheese and soda crackers. It is usually spooned over boiled potatoes.

Arequipa
Condiments
Clear golden amber Thai nam pla in a plain white ceramic bowl, shown as the finished filtered fish sauce.
High risk

Nam pla

Thai fish sauce is a clear yellow-brown seasoning drawn from salted fish. Tank maturation produces a first extract, with further brine extractions giving other grades.

Thailand · Traditional method
· Fish and seafood
Photograph of Tempero pronto.

Tempero pronto

Tempero pronto is a fresh Brazilian paste of garlic, onion and salt, ground with oil and kept ready to start a dish. It is the Brazilian counterpart of sofrito and refogado.

Brazil
Photograph of Pontack elderberry sauce.
Elevated risk

Pontack elderberry sauce

An English elderberry condiment of vinegar, shallots and warm spices, historically called a catsup and tied to Pontac's Head tavern in London.

London · Historical attestation
· Condiments
Photograph of Wojapi.

Wojapi

Wojapi is a cooked berry sauce of the Lakota and Dakota peoples of the Northern Plains, traditionally made from pounded chokecherries and today most often made with blueberries and a starch.

Northern Plains, United States
· Condiments
Photograph of South Carolina mustard barbecue sauce.

South Carolina mustard barbecue sauce

South Carolina mustard barbecue sauce is a yellow-to-golden sauce built on prepared mustard, balanced with vinegar, sweetness and spice, and associated with the Midlands of the state.

South Carolina
· Condiments
Original editorial reconstruction of thin South Carolina light-tomato barbecue sauce, with pepper and chopped pork served alongside.

Carolina vinegar and light-tomato barbecue sauce

Light tomato barbecue sauce is a thin, sharp South Carolina sauce: a vinegar and pepper base with a small amount of ketchup, sitting between the clear vinegar sauce and the sweeter tomato sauces.

South Carolina
· Condiments
Photograph of Monkey gland sauce.

Monkey gland sauce

A sweet and tangy South African condiment of fruit chutney and tomato sauce, served with grilled meat and steak. It contains no monkey gland.

Johannesburg
Condiments
Thick red Kuwaiti daqqus tomato-garlic sauce in a white bowl.

Daqqus (tomato-garlic sauce)

A tomato and garlic sauce from the Gulf, blended raw and then simmered to thicken, eaten with rice.

Kuwait
Condiments
Photograph of Mint sauce.

Mint sauce

Finely chopped fresh mint steeped in a sweet and sharp liquid of white wine vinegar, sugar and water, the sauce traditionally served with roast lamb in Britain.

England · Traditional method
· Condiments
A glass of golden sparkling Gueuze beside an unlabelled green bottle in a softly lit barrel cellar.

Gueuze

Belgian beer blended from young and mature spontaneously fermented lambics, then refermented in the bottle to natural carbonation. The recipe follows a 2,600-litre blend studied in 2024.

Brussels · Traditional method
· Drinks
Original editorial reconstruction of a closed, round, golden-browned Imeretian cheese bread cooked in a skillet.

Gunda's pan-fried Imeretian khachapuri

Closed round cheese breads made with sour-cream dough and cooked in a frying pan. This named Gunda version has no added yeast or proofing stage.

Imereti · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Illustrative Sauerreuben: fermented shredded turnip and carrot in a ceramic bowl, with a purple-top turnip in the background.

Sauerreuben (fermented turnips)

Shredded turnips and carrots are dry-salted, pressed beneath their juice and fermented as a cabbage-free kraut-style preserve.

Modern method
· Vegetables
Whole unripe green figs cooked tender in golden syrup, served in a shallow dish with a fresh green fig alongside.

Green-fig konfyt without lime soak

Hard green figs are parboiled and cooked whole in a lemon-sharpened sugar syrup as a refrigerator-only South African konfyt; the method does not establish shelf-stable canning.

South Africa · Modern method
· Fruit
Three fresh white mozzarella balls resting in a shallow ceramic bowl with a little whey.
Elevated risk

Citric-acid-and-rennet mozzarella

A quick fresh batch uses low-temperature-pasteurized whole milk, citric acid and rennet; the curd is warmed, drained and stretched in hot whey.

Modern method
· Dairy
Finished Moroccan amlou, a grainy golden-brown almond and argan oil spread in a decorated ceramic bowl with roasted almonds and culinary argan oil beside it.

Amlou

Amlou is a nutty, lightly sweet Moroccan spread of roasted almonds, culinary argan oil and honey. The almonds are ground first, then loosened with oil and sweetened; the balance can range from a thick spread to a dip.

Souss-Massa
· Condiments
A glass of pale caramel-colored baked milk with a plain clay pot softly out of focus behind it.

Baked milk (toplyonoe moloko)

Baked milk is an Eastern European preparation of milk held at high heat for hours until it turns cream-coloured with a cooked, mildly sweet flavour, without any fermentation.

Russia · Modern adaptation
· Dairy
Thin, soft white ari pathiri rice flatbreads stacked on a simple plate, one gently folded.

Ari pathiri

Thin Malabar rice-flour rounds made from roasted rice flour cooked into salted boiling water, kneaded after cooling, and rolled to about 1 mm. They cook on a hot griddle without taking on colour.

Malabar
· Grains and starches
A ripe stiff biga, broken into irregular pale flour-and-water clumps with small fermentation pores in a clear bowl.

Biga

Biga is an Italian bread preferment of flour, water and a little yeast, usually a stiff unsalted mass of about 45 per cent water, fermented ahead and then mixed into the final dough.

Italy · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A small tulip-shaped bottle of dark, glossy traditional balsamic vinegar beside a tasting dish and Parmigiano Reggiano.

Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Reggio Emilia

Protected Italian vinegar made only from cooked grape must, fermented and aged in a battery of wooden barrels for at least 12 years: sweet, sharp and syrupy.

Province of Reggio Emilia · Traditional method
· Condiments
Golden American cornbread baked in a black cast-iron skillet, with one wedge set aside to show its tender yellow crumb.

American cornbread

A modern cornmeal-and-wheat cornbread that King Arthur Baking describes as a compromise between Northern and Southern styles. The batter is baked in a pan or as muffins and served warm.

United States
· Grains and starches
A small bowl of finished Thai pak-kaat-dorng: yellow-green wilted mustard leaves and broad stems with a slight sheen of brine.

Pak-kaat-dorng (sweet rice-wash method)

Thai sweet mustard greens wilted in sun, packed in earthenware under a salt and palm-sugar brine with rice-wash water, then sunned three to five days.

Thailand · Traditional method
· Vegetables
Finished Thai pak-kaat-dorng shown as yellow-green preserved mustard leaves and ribbed stalks in a small open serving bowl.

Pak-kaat-dorng (dry-salted rice method)

Pak-kaat-dorng is a Thai fermented mustard-green pickle, prepared here by dry-salting and kneading the wilted greens with cooked rice.

Thailand · Traditional method
· Vegetables
Firm ruby-amber guava paste cut into neat slices on an ivory plate.

Guava paste for slicing

Cooked, sieved guava pulp is reduced with sugar and lime juice to a sliceable paste, then refrigerated. This adapted trial begins with prepared pulp and has no validated canning process or storage duration.


· Fruit
Two folded quarters of napa-cabbage kimchi, red-seasoned between the leaves and served on a pale ceramic plate

Baechu kimchi

Napa cabbage salted, seasoned with a paste of gochugaru, garlic, ginger and salted seafood, and left to sour through lactic fermentation; Korea's everyday winter preserve.

Korea · Traditional method
· Vegetables
A shallow white bowl of chopped Kiso Sunki, the salt-free fermented red-turnip leaves and stems, showing olive-green leaves and muted pink-purple stem pieces.
Elevated risk

Sunki

Sunki is a salt-free pickle from Japan's Kiso valley: red-turnip leaves fermented with a retained starter from the previous year's batch.

Kiso, Nagano, Japan · Traditional method
· Vegetables
Clear golden apple jelly in a glass dish with a spoon and tart green apples.
Elevated risk

Apple jelly without added pectin

A clear jelly made from tart-apple juice, sugar and optional strained lemon juice. This batch uses a stated fruit-to-water preparation, gel endpoint, hot fill and altitude-adjusted boiling-water process.

Modern method
· Fruit
Illustrative finished Sinki, dried fermented radish-root shreds in muted tan and brown tones, loosely arranged in a plain bowl.
Elevated risk

Sinki

Sinki is a salt-free, fermented radish-taproot product dried after fermentation. Published jar and pit accounts use different conditions; neither supplies a validated home-preservation endpoint.

Himalaya, Nepal · Traditional method
· Vegetables
Orange marmalade with cooked citrus peel in a clear jar and shallow ivory dish.

Orange marmalade

Orange marmalade suspends thin strips of citrus peel in a sweet gel. This navel-orange batch includes pulp and lemon and is preserved in a boiling-water canner.

Athens, Georgia · Modern method
· Fruit
Illustrative finished Northeast Chinese suan cai made from napa cabbage, shown as soft, translucent pale golden leaves on a plain ceramic plate.
Elevated risk

Suan cai

Chinese cabbage or mustard greens salted and held under a weight until lactic fermentation turns them sour; northeastern and southern China keep distinct traditions of it.

China · Traditional method
· Vegetables
Illustrative finished Sicilian-style green brine olives: whole muted green olives submerged in pale brine, with a few served in a plain bowl.
Elevated risk

Sicilian-style green brine olives

Green-ripe olives are fermented in seasoned, vinegar-adjusted brine; UC ANR gives size-dependent salt concentrations and multi-month handling.

Traditional method
· Vegetables
A small bowl of soft goat-whey ricotta curds beside a cheesecloth-lined colander.
Elevated risk

Goat whey ricotta

Cornell’s goat-dairy recipe combines fresh whey with whole goat milk, lemon juice and salt to recover a small amount of soft ricotta curd.

Modern adaptation
· Dairy
Photograph of Southern Ethiopian cheka with wheat and sorghum.
Elevated risk

Southern Ethiopian cheka with wheat and sorghum

A 2025 study formula combines wheat dough and sorghum porridge with sorghum malt and gesho in staged fermentation. Konso and Dirashe fieldwork records distinct cereal-and-leaf Cheka variants; the study formula is not universal.

Southern Ethiopia · Modern method
· Drinks
A small ceramic bowl filled with cloudy pale ivory Korean danyangju rice wine on a warm wooden table.
Elevated risk

Korean danyangju, single-stage nuruk makgeolli

An alcoholic Korean rice drink of steamed glutinous rice and nuruk, mashed in a single stage and fermented for 7 to 14 days.

Brooklyn, New York · Modern method
· Drinks
Illustrative small Uzbek-style unleavened Qatlama Patir: a ghee-layered spiral flatbread baked in a home oven, not a verified photograph of a specific batch.

Qatlama patir

A small Uzbek-style layered flatbread, made with wheat dough and ghee and baked in a home oven.

Uzbekistan · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Illustrative opaque pinkish-brown Zimbabwean sorghum beer; general appearance reference, not a photograph of a specific traditional batch.
Elevated risk

Zimbabwean chibuku from red sorghum malt

A cloudy Zimbabwean beer brewed from malted red sorghum, given a two-day lactic souring and then a longer alcoholic fermentation.

Zimbabwe · Traditional method
· Drinks
Pale, freshly fermented palm wine served in a calabash cup and glass beside palm fruit.
Elevated risk

Palm wine

Palm wine is fermented sap from several palm species. West and Central African traditions differ in palm, tapping, vessel and serving stage; this page records shared principles without claiming one universal home-scale process.

West Africa
Drinks
Illustrative batch of Glasgow-style crispy morning rolls with a coarse rice-flour crust.

Glasgow crispy morning rolls (home method)

A wet, cold-fermented wheat dough is coated in rice flour and baked close together at high heat for Glasgow-style rolls with a crisp, dark crust and light interior.

Glasgow
A finished dark golden Newfoundland molasses-raisin loaf with a slice showing its raisin-studded crumb.

Newfoundland lassy raisin bread (Hemeon family recipe)

A Newfoundland family-style sweet yeast loaf with molasses, raisins, cinnamon and cloves. This version follows a half-batch adaptation of Nanny Hemeon's family formula; it is not a standard recipe for all Newfoundland households.

Newfoundland and Labrador
Illustrative plain flour-dusted rolls from the Waterford blaa home adaptation. This image is not evidence of PGI certification or an exact commercial product.

Waterford blaa (home adaptation)

A home adaptation of a measured blaa recipe attributed to Waterford baker Dermot Walsh: plain yeast dough, rounded portions flattened on a tray, generously dusted with flour and baked. Home baking does not confer Waterford Blaa PGI status.

Waterford City and County
A small clear glass holding a pale straw-gold, slightly cloudy finished rice beverage on a plain wooden tabletop.

Judima

Judima is a Dimasa fermented rice drink from Assam. A 2022 Dhansiri account describes humao starter and rice fermentation, but sources disagree on the thembra bark species and do not provide a complete or validated home batch.

Dima Hasao District · Traditional method
· Drinks
Three finished plain arepas made from precooked corn flour, lightly griddled to golden brown; one is split to show its tender corn crumb.

Arepa made with precooked corn flour

This household version combines precooked corn flour, warm water and salt, then cooks thick rounds on a lightly oiled skillet or griddle. It is one source-specific arepa method, not a universal Colombian or Venezuelan formula.

Venezuela · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Golden triangular Kenyan mandazi made with self-raising flour and lemon zest; an illustrative original image of finished fried bread.

Kenyan mandazi (self-raising flour)

A Kenyan mandazi made with self-raising flour, lemon and optional cardamom, cut into triangles and deep-fried. This baking-powder-raised version is distinct from yeast-raised coastal mahamri.

Kenya · Modern adaptation
Andong soju in a white ceramic cup and glass decanter, with rice and wheat nuruk beside it.
Elevated risk

Andong soju

Andong soju is a rice spirit from North Gyeongsang, distilled from steamed rice and wheat nuruk. This method makes the starter before fermenting the rice mash in a jar.

Andong · Traditional method
· Drinks
A plain appam on a dark plate, its soft center surrounded by a golden, lacy rim.

Appam and hoppers

Appam, or hoppers, are South Indian and Sri Lankan rice pancakes made from a fermented coconut-and-rice batter and cooked in a curved pan to a crisp lacy rim and a soft, spongy centre.

Kerala · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Four plain whole-wheat roshi, thin and pliable with small griddle-browned spots.

Whole-wheat roshi

A Maldivian flatbread made with whole-wheat atta, rolled thin and cooked on a hot pan. This batch makes four.

Maldives · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches