Elevated risk
Kilishi
Kilishi is a Hausa-land dried meat from northern Nigeria and southern Niger: thin slices of beef or other meat, dried, coated in a spiced groundnut paste and dried again.
Recipes
1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.
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Recipes
Jameed
A documentary account of jameed, a traditional dried cultured-milk food. The cited sources do not provide a complete validated home process or a measurable endpoint for making it shelf-stable.
Umeboshi
Naturally acidic ume fruit salted and sometimes dried in Japan; the salt, the fruit’s own acidity and the loss of moisture supply the preservation, and the preparation is not always fermented.
High risk
Tarhana and related dried fermented soup bases
Tarhana is a Turkish soup base: yoghurt, flour or semolina and usually onion, tomato and red pepper, fermented as a dough for days, rubbed into grains and dried.
Elevated risk
Dry cassava meal (farinha)
Farinha is a coarse, durable cassava meal made by grating, pressing, sifting and roasting or drying cassava. Processing is used to reduce cyanogenic compounds, but this account is not a validated detoxification procedure.
Elevated risk
Confit
Meat salted, slowly cooked in its own fat and kept under a covering of that fat. The fat cap limits air but does not acidify or sterilise, so home confit needs refrigeration or freezing.
High risk
Chuño negro
Chuño negro is a source-documented Andean potato-preservation practice. This entry records producer tradition; it is not a validated household process for making potentially toxic bitter potatoes safe.
Elevated risk
Chipotle
Chipotle is a ripe jalapeño pepper smoke-dried in a wood-fired cocedor. Camargo, Chihuahua, documents a large-scale version of the process; its source accounts do not establish a complete home batch or validated safety endpoint.
Bêche-de-mer (trepang)
Sea cucumber cleaned, boiled and dried, sometimes with smoke, into a long-keeping trade product; Makassan processing in Arnhem Land is documented from at least the eighteenth century.
Candied and glacé fruit
Candied fruit is fruit that has been repeatedly steeped in concentrated sugar syrup, which replaces part of its water with sugar, often followed by drying. It differs from fruit served in a thin syrup.
Berries stored in seal oil
Berries, greens and fish eggs were kept in seal oil by Indigenous Alaskan communities. The oil seals the food from air, and the result depends on preparation and the surrounding conditions.
Dried salted cod
Cod split, salted and dried on flakes until hard, a long-keeping fish that must be desalted and rehydrated before use; the salting and the extensive drying together make it portable where light salting or partial drying does not.
Elevated risk
Sun-dried mushrooms
Sun-dried mushrooms are mushrooms spread in open sunlight and left to lose their water to solar heat and moving air, a method recorded in Nigeria, Tanzania, Mexico and among Algerian desert truffle gatherers.
High risk
Biltong
Strips of whole-muscle beef or game seasoned with salt, vinegar, roasted coriander and pepper and air-dried without cooking, sold anywhere from soft and moist to hard and very salty.
Elevated risk
Wet-fermented Arabica coffee from Nanegal
Washed Arabica coffee from Nanegal in Ecuador: depulped beans held under water while microbes and enzymes strip the mucilage, then washed, soaked and sun-dried to green coffee.
Portable soup
Meat stock simmered, strained and reduced until a gelatin-rich mass sets, then dried into solid cakes that dissolve in water; a concentrated provision of the early modern naval period.
High risk
Red Mucor-ripened sufu
Red sufu is tofu grown with an identified Mucor racemosus mould, salted, seasoned with red pepper and zanthoxylum, then matured under brine for 180 days.
Elevated risk
Tauco, Indonesian two-stage soybean paste
An Indonesian savoury soybean paste built in two stages: cooked beans and roasted flour carry a mould fermentation, then mature in salt brine into a thick, salty seasoning.
Elevated risk
Alpaca charqui
Alpaca charqui is Andean dried meat, made from camelid meat exposed to hot sun by day and frost by night at high altitude, the ancestor of the modern word jerky.
Batabata-cha
A Japanese post-fermented tea from Asahi in Toyama: mature tea leaves are steamed and fermented aerobically in turned, self-heating heaps, then dried; traditionally boiled and whisked into a foam.
High risk
Finocchiona, starter-cultured
A Tuscan-style fennel salami made with pork and back fat. Toasted fennel, fennel pollen and Sambuca flavor this starter-cultured preparation.
Pe poke
A Myanmar soybean ferment in which cooked beans turn sticky through alkaline bacterial fermentation, then are eaten fresh or seasoned, flattened and sun-dried into savoury wafers.
Pimentón de la Vera
Spanish smoked paprika from Capsicum peppers dried over oak or holm-oak smoke in a dryer called a secadero, then ground. Protected by a designation of origin in La Vera.
Dried noodles
Shaped dough dried thoroughly into a portable staple that keeps far longer than fresh dough, in Mediterranean and Asian food systems.
High risk
Suovas
Salted reindeer meat hung in the smoke of a lávvu fire over willow, birch or juniper, then cooled and in some Sámi communities dried outdoors into travelling provisions.
Pastırma
Dry-cured beef salted, air-dried and often coated with a spice paste called çemen before it is sold whole or sliced; a Turkish cured meat whose preservation rests on salting and drying.
High risk
Droëwors
South Africa's dried sausage: seasoned minced meat in narrow casings, dried until it can be eaten without cooking, which makes it a far more demanding product than fresh boerewors.
Charque
Beef salted heavily and dried into a strongly preserved ingredient that is desalted before it is cooked in stews; a Brazilian form of salt-dried meat that keeps far longer than the lightly salted carne-de-sol.
Carne-de-sol
Beef given limited salt and partial surface drying, a short-keeping Brazilian meat that is much less durable than fully dried charque and is treated as a cold-chain product.
Tsukudani
Japanese seasoned reduction in which ingredients such as shiitake or fish are simmered in soy sauce and sweeteners until the liquid is absorbed and a concentrated, storable condiment remains.
Elevated risk
Tinapa
Filipino smoked fish, most often scad, sardinella or milkfish, brined and smoked, and eaten whole or flaked into other dishes.
Elevated risk
Dried charales (charales secos)
Small central-Mexican lake silversides, Chirostoma spp., dried whole and sometimes salted, then fried, roasted or simmered into Lenten tortitas and snacks.
High risk
Fraser Canyon wind-dried salmon
Salmon opened, scored and hung on roofed racks in the dry canyon winds of the Fraser River: slhíts'es in Stó:lō documentation, sts'wan in St'át'imc records.
Elevated risk
Guimaras guinamos
Guinamos is a shrimp paste made on Guimaras in the Philippines: small shrimp salted by hand, sun-dried and trodden by foot until it turns smooth.
Elevated risk
Norwegian pinnekjøtt
Norwegian Christmas lamb ribs, salted, matured and dried, then soaked and steamed over birch twigs. Smoked and unsmoked versions are both made.
Elevated risk
Newfoundland dried salt cod
Atlantic cod split, salted and dried on raised flakes along the Newfoundland and Labrador shore, manufactured ashore for markets across the Atlantic.
Elevated risk
Protected solar-dried mushrooms
Protected solar-dried mushrooms are slices of wild Suillus luteus dried under a shade cover, a fitotoldo, rather than in open sun, as tested in an experimental study from Apurímac, Peru.
Elevated risk
Smoke-dried mushrooms over a hearth
Hearth-dried mushrooms are dried on shelves above a cooking fire, so heat and smoke reach them. Tanzanian records describe the method; a Vietnamese study tested smoke-dried shiitake for fuel-dependent contaminants.
Elevated risk
Mustard-leaf gundruk (Brassica juncea)
Mustard leaves wilted, bruised and packed tight into an earthenware vessel to sour without salt, then sun-dried into dark tangled pieces that carry Himalayan meals through the year.
Elevated risk
Salted-dried pirarucu (manta)
Arapaima gigas split into broad mantas, salted, matured for days and dried into the sheets that travel Amazonian river markets as bacalhau da Amazônia.
Elevated risk
Carquín dried anchoveta
Anchoveta salted, drained of sanguaza and sun-dried on sand or stones at Caleta de Carquín, a technique declared part of Peru's cultural heritage in 2016.
High risk
Columbia River pounded dried salmon
Dried salmon broken down, pounded to a meal and pressed into grass baskets lined with fish skin: the compact trade food of Celilo Falls and The Dalles.
Amabito no Moshio
Amabito no Moshio is a modern, pale beige Japanese seaweed salt made from Seto Inland Sea water and hondawara seaweed. Its documented factory method concentrates filtered brine in kettles, then separates and dries the salt.
High risk
Pipsi
Arctic char opened, scored and air-dried in the Canadian Arctic: concentrated, chewy country food recorded as pipsi in Nunavut and pitsik in Nunavik.
High risk
Lonzino
Documentary account of Italian regional cured-loin traditions, including Tuscan and Marche variations; no home-cure instructions are provided because the published professional methods lack validated safety controls.
High risk
Mindeshi
Mindeshi (also Mendeshi) is a Sudanese fermented paste made from small fish, pounded and sometimes dried. Sources disagree about how it relates to Terkin and do not establish one validated process or safety control.
Elevated risk
Hot-air dehydrated mushrooms
Hot-air dehydrated mushrooms are sliced mushrooms dried in a dehydrator or dryer with heated, moving air; a 2011 study dried button mushroom slices at 60 °C and compared them with microwave-vacuum and freeze-drying.
High risk
Turep starch (Ainu lily-bulb starch)
Starch released from giant woodland lily bulbs by pounding, washed out in water, settled and dried: the refined fraction of an Ainu process that also yields fermented cakes from the residue.
Citrus salt
Citrus zest is rubbed into coarse or flake salt and dried on a tray. This peel-based seasoning preserves the chosen citrus aroma without adding juice.
Fragrant herb salt
Fresh garlic and pungent herbs are chopped with kosher salt, then dried in the warmth of a switched-off oven. The blend keeps the selected herbs together in one seasoning.