Elevated risk
Hogweed barszcz
The original Polish barszcz: young hogweed leaves soured in warm water for a few days, then boiled into soup with egg, butter, cream or millet. Recorded from 1595, with warnings about the sap and lookalikes.
Recipes
1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.
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Recipes
White cabbage sauerkraut
A Penn State Extension crock method mixes 5 lb of shredded cabbage with 3 tablespoons of canning or pickling salt, packs it under its own brine and ferments it in a covered container.
Salsa borracha
A chile sauce of dried pasilla peppers whose liquid is an alcoholic drink, pulque in the old form and beer where pulque is not available. It is served with barbacoa in Mexico City and the central states.
Nukazuke
Japanese pickles made by burying vegetables in nukadoko, a reusable bed of rice bran, salt and water that is turned daily and ripened by lactic and yeast fermentation.
Elevated risk
Idli batter
Rice and black gram are soaked separately, ground, salted and fermented into a thick batter for idli. The batter is portioned into moulds and steamed into soft savoury cakes.
Sidra natural
Dry, lightly sparkling cider from Asturias in northern Spain, pressed from cider apples, fermented without added sugar, matured through the winter and poured from a height.
Sosaties
Cape skewers of marinated lamb or mutton threaded with onion, fat or dried fruit and grilled, their marinade balancing curry spice against vinegar or tamarind and something sweet.
Raw ginger-scallion oil
A raw Cantonese-style condiment of minced scallions, fresh ginger, vegetable oil and salt; it is mixed without heating and serves eight.
Chakalaka
A spicy South African vegetable relish of onion, carrot, pepper, tomato, curry seasoning and beans, cooked briefly and served warm or cold beside pap and grilled meat.
High risk
Saeujeot (Korean salted fermented shrimp)
Korean fermented seafood made by salting whole small shrimp and maturing them in their own brine, used as a seasoning, in kimchi and with pork.
Oi-sobagi
Oi-sobagi is a Korean stuffed cucumber kimchi: salted cucumbers slit and filled with a chive-and-chilli seasoning, eaten fresh or left to ferment.
High risk
Yukola (Nivkh dried salmon)
Pacific salmon opened along the backbone and hung on elevated wooden frameworks to air-dry, the winter provision at the centre of Nivkh household fishing on Sakhalin and the Lower Amur.
Yongchun aged vinegar
Dark Fujian rice vinegar: glutinous rice and red Monascus koji make a red rice wine, liquid acetification turns it to vinegar, and it ages at least three years.
Vinagre de Montilla-Moriles
Protected Andalusian wine vinegar made by acetifying certified Montilla-Moriles wine, dry or sweetened with Pedro Ximénez or Moscatel must, and often aged in oak by solera or añada.
Umezu (ume pickling liquid)
The very salty, sour liquid drawn out of Japanese ume fruit by salt during umeboshi making: acidity from the fruit's citric and malic acid, not from acetic fermentation; white, or red with shiso.
Tungrymbai
A Khasi and Jaintia fermented soybean food from Meghalaya: cooked beans ferment naturally in leaf-lined baskets above a fire, giving a sticky, pungent, savoury mass.
Tofuyo
An Okinawan fermented tofu: dried tofu cubes matured in rice koji, awamori and salt, traditionally with red Monascus koji, until the curd turns smooth and intensely savoury.
Tempoyak (fermented durian paste)
Durian flesh is mashed with salt and fermented in a covered container as a Malay condiment or cooking ingredient.
Elevated risk
Rice-koji soybean miso
A traditional Japanese fermented paste made by mixing cooked soybeans with rice koji and salt. This guide details the ratio, the long enzymatic breakdown, and the months-long maturation required for depth.
High risk
Myeolchi jeot
Salted anchovies mature in a covered jar with brine. The fish can be seasoned for a meal, while the expressed liquid seasons kimchi and other dishes.
Tahitian coconut bread
Sweet dough with grated coconut is divided into ten logs, wrapped in foil and baked slowly in this Polynesian Cultural Center version demonstrated by Gina Pasi.
Elevated risk
Shio Kombu (Seasoned Salted Kelp)
Japanese kelp simmered in soy sauce and seasonings, sometimes dried and salted, eaten with rice or used as an umami seasoning.
Meskhetian mulberry tklapi
A reported Khizabavra household method cooks mulberry juice with wheat flour into a thin porridge before drying it on cloth; batch measures and a measured endpoint are absent.
Elevated risk
Mulberry tklapi
Georgian field notes describe mulberry tklapi with wheat flour but omit how the paste is cooked. FDA warns raw flour can carry harmful bacteria; this incomplete account is documentary, not a home recipe.
Regag (Emirati paper-thin griddle bread)
Regag is a thin Emirati wheat bread cooked on an ungreased pan. This measured home method uses a soft dough that rests covered, then gets spread thin with a palette knife or bench scraper.
Fruit vinegar (Orleans method)
Fruit wine turned into vinegar by acetic acid bacteria at the surface of a half-filled, air-vented vessel. The Orleans method takes one to three months for a 9% wine.
High risk
Stockfish
Cod hung on open racks in cold northern air until most of its water has gone, leaving a hard, light, unsalted fish that keeps and travels and must be soaked for days before cooking.
Sieng
A Cambodian fermented soybean food in which cooked beans ferment into a sticky alkaline mass, then are preserved and matured in salt brine, sometimes sweetened with sugar.
Pilpelchuma (chilli-garlic paste)
A chilli and garlic paste from the Libyan Jewish community, built on steamed dried peppers, garlic and cumin, now a common condiment in Israel.
Pepián recado
The roasted chile, seed and vegetable sauce that thickens and colours Guatemalan pepián stew.
Maple syrup (batch method)
Maple sap of about two percent sugar boiled down in a shallow pan until it reaches syrup density, the sugar concentration the standard defines, then filtered hot and packed hot.
Mieliepap
South Africa's maize-meal porridge, which the same white meal turns into a soft breakfast pap, a firm sliceable mound or the separate moist granules of phuthu depending only on water and handling.
High risk
Kaşar peyniri
Kaşar peyniri is a Turkish stretched-curd cheese. This entry documents a traditional raw-milk process described by the FAO and its regional history; it is not a home cheesemaking recipe.
Sada roti
A Trinidad and Tobago baking-powder flatbread cooked on a hot stone, then briefly exposed to direct heat to puff.
High risk
Se'i (Timorese smoked meat)
Smoked meat of Timor and Rote in eastern Indonesia: salted strips of beef or pork cooked over kosambi-wood embers under fresh kosambi leaves, served warm with rice, sambal lu'at and greens.
Elevated risk
Greek-style black olives in brine
Ripe olives go straight into brine with no lye and cure for months, mostly by yeasts. The home method here is the University of California two-stage brine.
Maari (Burkinabè fermented baobab seeds)
Maari is a Burkinabè baobab-seed condiment documented in producer studies. This is a non-instructional account, not a home recipe: sources vary, omit key process details and establish no validated safety control.
Galgal pickle with fennel and thyme
In a surveyed Himachal method, ripe galgal is blanched, sun-dried, cooked with mustard oil, fennel and thyme, then left to ferment.
Elevated risk
Ben-saalga
A fermented pearl-millet gruel documented in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Whole grain is soaked, wet-milled and sieved; the settled paste ferments again before it is cooked with its liquid.
Lunu dehi
Lunu dehi is Sri Lankan salted lime pickle. This version sun-dries cut, salt-stuffed ripe limes, then packs them with dried lime juice, chillies, spices and vinegar.
High risk
Graviera, Cypriot sheep-milk method
This Cypriot graviera is a hard sheep-milk cheese with a dry rind and round eyes. Its curd is heated, pressed and dry-salted before a long cool ripening.
High risk
Kashkaval, traditional sheep-milk method
Kashkaval is a firm sheep-milk cheese whose acidified curd is worked in hot brine. This large-batch method finishes with repeated dry salting, wax coating and cool ripening.
Elevated risk
Fermented fuba (Umbundu maize flour)
Fermented fuba is an Umbundu maize-flour preparation made by lactic fermentation of dehulled, degermed kernels before milling, sun-drying and sieving.
Yuba (soy milk skin)
The protein-lipid film that forms on hot soy milk, lifted sheet by sheet from a wide shallow pan; eaten fresh, or dried for later use.
Suka and sawsawan (Filipino vinegar and dipping sauces)
Filipino vinegar dips: vinegar steeped or mixed with chilli, garlic, ginger and other aromatics, from the pineapple sinamak of Iloilo to coconut-vinegar sawsawan. Not a single formula.
Ezay
Ezay is a Bhutanese red-chilli seasoning served with rice, salads, momo and other dishes; this reported version combines chillies, tomato, onion, coriander, cheese and pepper.
Sharena sol
Bulgarian dry seasoning of salt, paprika, dried herbs and spices, with household and regional variations.
Asin sa buy-o
Asin sa buy-o is a fine sea salt made in Panayunan, Botolan, and packed in a woven nipa pouch called a buy-o. Salt-bearing coastal earth is leached with seawater, and the brine is boiled to crystals.
High risk
Suān zhǎ ròu (酸鲊肉)
A Tujia sour pork preparation documented in southeastern Chongqing. Its rice-flour pork method is distinct from the wider suān ròu forms; a sixth-century pork-zha text is an earlier attestation, not proof of direct continuity.
Alburquerque Asin Tibuok
Asin tibuok is a Boholano salt-making craft that turns seawater-soaked coconut husks into a salt-rich ash, brine and formed sea salt in specialized clay pots. This record follows one published account of the community process; it is not a validated household formula.