Recipes

1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.

All grains and starches391Cereal, grain, root and starch fermentations275Unfermented breads105Koji, mold starters and mold-ripened ferments3Not yet classified3Adjacent and excluded1Beverages1Fruit preserves1Smoked salted and dried foods1Tea cocoa and coffee ferments1
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Recipes

Golden Brazilian potato rolls with one cut open to show its soft crumb and melted mozzarella center.

Brazilian pão de batata

Soft Brazilian yeast rolls use cooked mashed potato in an enriched dough, with mozzarella cubes enclosed before baking.

Brazil
· Grains and starches
Two compact golden Brazilian broa de milho loaves dusted with fine fubá; one is cut open to show its soft yellow, fennel-flecked crumb.

Brazilian broa de milho

Brazilian broa de milho is a lightly sweet wheat-and-fine-maize bread with fennel and dry yeast, shaped into two small loaves for a Festa Junina or coffee break.

Brazil
· Grains and starches
A pile of golden Egyptian bosomat breadsticks coated with sesame seeds.

Bosomat (Egyptian crunchy sesame breadsticks)

Amira Ibrahim’s Egyptian bosomat are yeast-raised wheat sticks scented with optional fennel and anise, topped with sesame and baked until dry and crisp.

Egypt
· Grains and starches
A dark rectangular Borodinsk-ish rye loaf with coriander seeds on top and a slice showing its close brown crumb.

Borodinsky bread (Lily McCann's home method)

A dark rye sourdough with coriander and roasted barley-malt scald, based on Lily McCann's measured Borodinsk-ish home formula.

Russia · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A stack of thick Turkish bazlama flatbreads with lightly browned skillet spots on a plain ceramic plate.

Bazlama

This Turkish bazlama uses yeast, plain yogurt and olive oil for a soft dough cooked in a skillet. Shape it into twelve small or six larger rounds, flip as bubbles appear, and wrap the breads to keep them soft.

Turkey
· Grains and starches
A basket of plain round Moroccan batbout breads with softly puffed golden-brown surfaces.

Batbout

A Moroccan yeast-raised semolina pocket bread cooked on a dry pan or griddle; this measured batch makes about twenty 4-inch rounds.

Morocco
· Grains and starches
Finished sesame-coated Koulouri Thessalonikis, a golden wheat bread ring on parchment.

Koulouri Thessalonikis

The Thessaloniki City of Gastronomy page gives a 15–18-ring yeast dough, dipped in sweetened water and sesame before baking. Its fresh yeast is listed as one dice without a mass, which remains unresolved.

Thessaloniki, Greece · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Golden, puffed sesame-coated bánh tiêu arranged on a white plate, one opened to show its airy interior.

Bánh tiêu

Bánh tiêu is a lightly sweet Vietnamese fried bread coated with sesame. A yeast-raised dough with baking powder is rolled into small rounds and fried until puffed and golden.

Vietnam · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Soft white Vietnamese banh bao buns in a bamboo steamer, one cut open to show pork, sausage, mushroom and quail egg filling
Elevated risk

Bánh bao

Vietnamese steamed wheat buns wrapped around seasoned pork, mushrooms, Chinese sausage and hard-boiled quail eggs. This from-scratch version uses yeast and self-rising flour.

Vietnam
· Grains and starches
Three golden baguettes with diagonal scores on a cooling rack, one cut to show its airy crumb.

Baguette with overnight poolish

Three long, crusty wheat loaves made with an overnight yeast poolish, shaped by hand and baked with steam for a crisp crust.

France
· Grains and starches
Two golden soft sourdough pretzels with coarse salt on an ivory platter.

Sourdough discard pretzels

Unfed sourdough starter flavours a soft pretzel dough raised with instant yeast. After a short rest, the dough is shaped, brushed with a sweet wash, salted and baked without a final proof.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Illustrative pale cream Agbelima fermented cassava dough in a plain shallow earthenware bowl.
Elevated risk

Agbelima (Ghanaian fermented cassava dough)

Ghanaian sour cassava dough fermented with traditional inoculum and drained during fermentation. It is used as a base for cooked foods such as banku and akple; process variants and safety outcomes differ.

Ghana
· Grains and starches
Plain golden bagels with a dense chewy crumb, one opened to show its interior.

Bagel

A yeast-raised wheat ring shaped from a firm dough, briefly boiled and baked. This source-batch formula gives a gently malted crust and a chewy crumb.

Eastern Europe
· Grains and starches
Golden Belgian cramique loaf with raisins baked through its soft crumb, shown with slices.

Cramique

A tender Belgian wheat loaf enriched with milk, butter and egg, with raisins scattered through the crumb. Cramique is sliced for breakfast or a snack, often with butter, jam or chocolate cream.

Flanders · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Small Brazilian pão francês rolls with a crisp golden crust and airy crumb.

Pão francês

A Brazilian wheat roll with a crisp crust, this home batch uses dry baker’s yeast and a steam-assisted oven bake.

Brazil · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A few small round golden Belgian pistolet rolls, one split open to show a soft, airy crumb.

Belgian pistolet

A crisp Belgian roll made from a supplier’s Croc-flour dough, mixed by hand or machine, proofed in rounds and baked with steam.

Brussels · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A round Barmbrack fruit loaf with a cut slice showing sultanas, beside a small bowl of sultanas and butter.

Barmbrack

An Irish fruit-studded yeast loaf, associated in a contemporary cultural account with Halloween and often served fresh or toasted with butter.

Ireland · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
A thin folded Staffordshire oatcake filled with mushrooms and melted cheese on a cream plate, beside oatmeal and flour.

Staffordshire oatcake

A North Staffordshire speciality, this soft yeast-raised oat-and-wheat pancake is cooked on a pan or griddle and folded around a savoury filling.

Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A long strip of soft, lightly flour-dusted Guatemalan pan francés made of joined double-roll sections.

Pan francés guatemalteco

Pan francés guatemalteco is a soft yeast bread shaped as a long strip of joined double rolls and commonly served with dishes such as tamales colorados.

Guatemala · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Fijian lolo buns simmered beneath coconut cream in a deep pot; original editorial reconstruction.

Fijian lolo buns (low-heat coconut-cream pot method)

Soft yeast buns shaped by hand and simmered covered in coconut cream diluted with water in a deep pot. This Fijian home version uses a clean knife or fork inserted into the center as its doneness cue.

Fiji
· Grains and starches
Fermented dosa batter in a stainless-steel bowl, with a spoon showing its pourable consistency.
Elevated risk

Dosa batter

A naturally fermented South Indian rice-and-urad batter, ground fine and spread thin on a hot griddle. Fermentation lightens the batter and develops its gentle tang.

South India · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Pale, airy Gujarati khatta dhokla squares topped with mustard seeds, sesame and curry leaves.

Dhokla

Dhokla is a Gujarati savoury steamed cake made from a fermented rice-and-pulse batter, whose lactic bacteria and yeasts give acidity, aroma and a porous crumb before steaming.

Gujarat · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Thick barley and oat porridge topped with diced apple and chopped hazelnuts in a stoneware bowl.

Barley and oat porridge (Viking Age)

Crushed or milled barley cooked in water until the starch softens and the mixture thickens, the plainest way a northern household turned stored grain into a meal, here with apple and hazelnut.

Sweden · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A bowl of thick, off-white fermented maize slurry at the drained settled-paste stage.
Elevated risk

Ogi and akamu, fermented cereal slurry

Ogi or akamu is a wet fermented cereal preparation documented in Nigeria and Benin. Grain or maize starch is steeped, milled or sieved, then fermented by process-specific routes; evidence supports no universal method or safety limit.

Nigeria · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Steamed attiéké cassava granules served in a shallow cream ceramic bowl.

Attiéké

Ivorian cassava semolina: grated cassava is fermented overnight with a traditional inoculum, pressed, sieved into granules, dried and steamed. Documented in a 2006 field study; no sole original process is established.

Southern Côte d'Ivoire
Grains and starches
Thin golden-brown Swedish rye-and-wheat crispbreads, fork-pricked and lightly flecked with caraway, stacked on an ivory plate.

Knäckebröd

A Swedish home batch of eight thin rye-and-wheat crispbreads, yeast-risen once and baked until hard.

Sweden · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Three elongated golden Afghan naans with lengthwise grooves and nigella and sesame on an ivory platter.

Afghan naan

A long oval Afghan wheat bread, leavened with yeast, grooved along its length and baked until crisp outside and chewy within.

Afghanistan · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A tall pale-lavender poi bread-machine loaf with two slices showing its crumb.

Poi (taro) bread-machine loaf

A sweet bread-machine loaf adapted from HI Cookery's version of poi bread, with poi or cooked mashed taro, butter and egg.

Hawaiʻi · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A golden Coppia Ferrarese loaf with four long twisted bread horns joined at a soft central knot.

Coppia ferrarese (VisitFerrara home recipe)

Ferrara’s paired bread twists have four pointed horns joined at a soft centre. This VisitFerrara home recipe uses type 0 flour, water, oil, lard, malt and a choice of sourdough or yeast.

Ferrara
· Grains and starches
A golden Agege bread loaf with a slice showing its soft, fine crumb and small rolls behind it.

Agege bread (soft home-style variation)

This softer home-style Agege bread uses a scalded flour paste, an enriched yeast dough and a 9×5-inch loaf pan, with rolls from the extra dough.

Nigeria · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Golden-brown barley-wheat paximadi slices, twice-baked until dry and crisp, on a plain ceramic plate.

Cretan barley paximadi

Cretan paximadi is a twice-baked rusk. This barley-wheat version is raised with yeast, baked as a loaf, sliced, and dried slowly until it keeps.

Greece
Grains and starches
Illustrative photograph of Sri Lankan roast paan (thati paan): folded, browned yeast-bread pieces with a soft crumb.

Sri Lankan roast paan (thati paan)

A lean Sri Lankan yeast bread baked as joined flat pieces, separated after the first bake, then grilled on both sides for its crisp crust.

Sri Lanka
· Grains and starches
A glossy, anise-speckled mosbolletjies pull-apart loaf made of six round buns, one separated to show the soft crumb.

Mosbolletjies (grape-juice and yeast buns)

This modern South African mosbolletjies recipe uses white grape juice and instant yeast in an anise-scented enriched dough. It makes two pull-apart loaves; grape juice with commercial yeast is not the traditional fermenting-must leaven.

South Africa · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Pale, lightly flour-dusted Northern French faluches with soft white crumb

Faluche of Northern France

A pale, softly baked, low-profile bread associated with northern France and Tournai. This source-specific household method makes four large faluches; it differs from older accounts of leftover bread dough baked during communal bread baking.

Nord and Pas-de-Calais · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
A finished round no-knead sourdough boule with a cross-scored crust and a slice showing the open crumb.

No-knead sourdough loaf

A ripe sourdough starter leavens this modern low-handling loaf. Three hourly folds organize the sticky dough before a long refrigerator rest, final proof and covered bake.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A tall domed golden-brown overnight panettone in a plain paper mold, with a slice showing airy crumb and raisins, apricots, cranberries and dried pineapple.

Overnight panettone: King Arthur version

A modern instant-yeast panettone with an overnight flour-and-water preferment and mixed dried fruit. It is separate from specialist sourdough panettone methods.

Lombardy · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A stack of golden crescentine modenesi with one split to show its soft crumb.

Crescentine modenesi

Small Modenese yeast breads cooked between hot plates and served warm.

Modena province · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A tray of small round North East English stottie cakes from a twelve-round home recipe, softly browned with one showing its tender crumb.

Stottie cake

A North East England yeast bread baked as flat round cakes. Terence Laybourne's Newcastle home recipe makes twelve rounds about 1 inch thick and serves them warm.

Newcastle upon Tyne · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Golden sesame shaobing with a visible spiral of sesame paste in its layered interior.

Beijing Sesame-Paste Shaobing

A Beijing-style yeast dough is layered with seasoned sesame paste, sealed into small buns, briefly pan-fried, seeded, and baked.

China · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Round Japanese melon-pan buns with a lightly golden, crosshatched biscuit shell; one is cut to show its soft bread crumb.

Melon pan

Melon pan pairs a soft Japanese yeast bun with a crisp, crosshatched cookie shell. In this ten-bun version, the bread dough is wrapped in a separate biscuit layer and baked until lightly golden.

Japan · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Illustrative Puerto Rican pan sobao: two soft, lightly golden elongated loaves, one cut to show its pale crumb; not a verified photo of the recipe batch.

Pan sobao

Puerto Rican pan sobao made with a small yeast poolish, lard or shortening, and a steam-baked crust; this batch yields two loaves.

Puerto Rico · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A large golden Malooga round baked on a metal sheet, its edge torn to reveal soft semn-folded layers.

Malooga (Yemeni home-oven variation)

This Yemeni home-oven variation uses a yeast-raised wheat dough, folds it repeatedly with semn and oil, then bakes it as large rounds.

Yemen · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Two round Tunisian tabouna breads with golden, irregularly browned crusts on a warm ivory surface.

Tabouna

A Tunisian round semolina bread named for the clay oven in which it is traditionally baked, recorded here through one home-oven recipe.

Tunisia
Grains and starches
Illustrative South African roosterkoek: small golden, hand-shaped braai breads with irregular grid browning and a soft, cooked crumb.

Roosterkoek (South African braai bread)

Roosterkoek is a small yeast-raised South African bread cooked over gentle braai coals. This enriched dough rises twice and is turned on the grid until browned and cooked through.

South Africa · Traditional method
· Grains and starches
Golden, sesame-topped Iraqi samoon breads with tapered diamond ends on a plate.

Iraqi samoun

Iraqi diamond-shaped yeast breads topped with sesame and baked in a home oven.

Iraq · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A walnut potica ring with a cut slice showing its spiral filling.

Slovenian walnut potica (home adaptation)

A home adaptation of Slovenia's walnut potica specification: enriched yeast dough is rolled around a cold walnut filling, proofed in a ring mould and baked.

Slovenia · Modern method
· Grains and starches
A golden, fork-marked Roghni naan with a light butter sheen on a pale ceramic plate.

Roghni naan

A Pakistani-style enriched yeast naan, marked before baking and finished with butter. This home method serves five.

Pakistan · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Original illustrative photograph of baked Puebla-style cemita buns with sesame and folded crowns; the bun preparation, not an assembled sandwich.

Puebla-style cemita buns

Six large Puebla-style sandwich buns with a sweetened starch glaze and sesame seeds.

Puebla · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches