Recipes

1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.

Recipes

Photograph of Wet jerk seasoning.

Wet jerk seasoning

A Jamaican wet jerk paste of ground allspice, Scotch bonnet pepper, thyme, scallion, garlic, ginger and nutmeg, loosened with soy sauce, oil, vinegar and lime, used to marinate meat, fish or tofu before cooking.

Jamaica
· Condiments
Golden multigrain thalipeeth with sesame, onion and coriander, served on a plain plate.

Thalipeeth

A Maharashtrian multigrain flatbread, patted by hand and cooked on a hot griddle. This home version mixes five flours with onion, sesame and spices.

Maharashtra · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
A bowl of glossy soy-mirin tare with a clean basting brush and optional fresh ginger.

Soy-mirin tare for glazing

A modern tare-style glaze of koikuchi soy sauce, mirin, water, sugar and optional ginger, gently reduced and brushed onto food near the end of cooking.

Japan
· Condiments
A small bowl of soy–black-vinegar dip with ginger sits beside two steamed dumplings.
Elevated risk

Soy–black-vinegar dumpling dip

An untested small-batch soy and Zhenjiang black-vinegar dip with ginger and sesame oil, adapted as a modern accompaniment for dumplings or cooked vegetables.

China · Modern method
· Condiments
Cape-style lamb sosaties: grilled lamb cubes on skewers with dried apricot and onion.

Sosaties

Cape skewers of marinated lamb or mutton threaded with onion, fat or dried fruit and grilled, their marinade balancing curry spice against vinegar or tamarind and something sweet.

South Africa · Traditional method
· Meat
Photograph of Sinamak.

Sinamak

Sinamak is a Philippine spiced vinegar: white, cane or coconut vinegar steeped with chilies, ginger, garlic, onion and peppercorns for days or weeks until it is ready to use as a condiment.

Iloilo
Condiments
Illustrative bowl of quick-cooked green-mango and mustard sauce inspired by kasundi; not a traditional fermented preparation or a photograph of a tested batch.

Quick cooked mango-and-mustard sauce inspired by kasundi

A short-cooked green-mango and mustard sauce with chilli, ginger and turmeric. It borrows a flavour direction associated with Bengali kasundi but is an untested, non-fermented fresh sauce, not traditional kasundi or a shelf-stable pickle.

Bengal
· Condiments
Illustrative serving of raw ginger-scallion oil: finely minced scallions and fresh ginger in neutral oil. Not a photograph of a particular historical batch.

Raw ginger-scallion oil

A raw Cantonese-style condiment of minced scallions, fresh ginger, vegetable oil and salt; it is mixed without heating and serves eight.

Cantonese cuisine · Traditional method
· Condiments
Photograph of Nepalese tomato-sesame timur achar for momo.

Nepalese tomato-sesame timur achar for momo

A roasted tomato dip thickened with toasted sesame and seasoned with dried chilli, cumin and timur. This measured version follows a contemporary published momo achar recipe; it is one documented formula, not a national standard.

Kathmandu Valley · Modern adaptation
· Condiments
Illustrative bowl of cooked green-mango chutney with raisins; not a specific canned batch.

Mango chutney

Hard green mango is cooked with vinegar, sugar, raisins, ginger, garlic and chilli in this tested US home-canning recipe.

India · Modern adaptation
· Condiments
Illustrative refrigerated preserve made from ordinary watermelon-rind cubes in light lemon-ginger syrup; inspired by, but distinct from, traditional makataan konfyt.

Refrigerated watermelon-rind preserve inspired by makataan

A measured, refrigerated prototype cooks ordinary watermelon’s white rind in lemon, ginger and sugar syrup. It is inspired by makataan konfyt but does not reproduce the traditional fruit or its lime-water treatment.

Modern adaptation
· Fruit
Smooth orange-red cooked Scotch bonnet pepper sauce in an open jar, with Scotch bonnet peppers, carrot, chocho, garlic, ginger, and allspice; illustrative and for refrigeration.

Jamaican Scotch Bonnet Pepper Sauce

This Jamaican recipe cooks Scotch bonnet peppers with carrot, cho cho, onion, garlic, ginger, allspice and vinegar, then blends and strains the mixture.

Jamaica
· Condiments
Pale golden, lightly sparkling ginger beer in a serving glass with fresh ginger and lemon beside it.
Elevated risk

British teaching-lab ginger beer with baker’s yeast

A one-liter teaching recipe ferments bruised ginger, lemon, sugar and cream of tartar with measured baker’s or ale yeast, then conditions the drink briefly in PET bottles before refrigeration.

England · Modern method
· Drinks
Cooked ginger-scallion oil with red chilli in a shallow celadon serving bowl.

Cooked ginger-scallion oil with chilli

A Cantonese condiment of ginger, garlic, scallion and fresh chilli fried slowly in oil and seasoned with soy sauce, sugar, wine and salt, served over roast meats and poached chicken.

Cantonese cuisine
· Condiments
A glossy dark red tomato-based sweet-and-sour dipping sauce in a shallow ceramic bowl.

Chinese-American sweet-and-sour sauce

A smooth, tomato-based sweet-and-sour sauce of sugar, vinegar, tomato paste and soy sauce, thickened with starch for dipping or coating; it is not the sauce on Hangzhou's sweet-and-sour ribs.

Hangzhou
· Condiments
finished chakalaka

Chakalaka

A spicy South African vegetable relish of onion, carrot, pepper, tomato, curry seasoning and beans, cooked briefly and served warm or cold beside pap and grilled meat.

South Africa · Traditional method
· Vegetables
Cucumber kimchi served in a small unglazed onggi bowl on a pale wooden surface.

Hwanggwa damjeo (1766 cucumber kimchi with chilli)

Hwanggwa damjeo is a cucumber kimchi from Yu Jung-rim's Jeungbo sallim gyeongje of 1766. Slit cucumbers are packed with chilli powder and garlic, scalded with hot salted water and sealed overnight.

Joseon Korea · Historical attestation
· Vegetables
A bowl of red kidney beans and pale cassava chunks beside a wooden milk vessel and a glass of soured milk.

Iburunge with ikivuguto

Iburunge is boiled cassava and kidney beans dressed with strong butter, the Rwandan farm meal Hirata recorded. This home plate uses butter oil and comes with a cold cup of ikivuguto.

Rwanda · Modern method
· Dairy
A spoon lifting soft white curd from a jar of set ikivuguto, a poured glass beside it and a wooden milk vessel.

Ikivuguto at home

Ikivuguto is Rwanda's thick soured milk. This home version sets pasteurised whole milk with cultured buttermilk overnight at about 21 °C, then chills it for a mild, spoonable drink.

Rwanda · Modern method
· Dairy
Korean saeujeot, small pale salted shrimp in brine in a glass jar with a serving dish.
High risk

Saeujeot (Korean salted fermented shrimp)

Korean fermented seafood made by salting whole small shrimp and maturing them in their own brine, used as a seasoning, in kimchi and with pork.

Korean western and southern coasts · Traditional method
· Fish and seafood
Red-seasoned napa-cabbage kimchi with folded leaves and white ribs, served in a plain ceramic bowl.

Kimchi

Kimchi is a Korean preserved vegetable food, most often cabbage, salted and seasoned, then fermented by the lactic acid bacteria that arrive with the vegetables. Some studies test added starter cultures, but a home jar is usually spontaneous.


Vegetables
Illustrative plate of freshly prepared Korean oi-sobagi, cross-cut cucumbers filled with red chili and vegetables; not a photo of a specific batch.

Oi-sobagi

Oi-sobagi is a Korean stuffed cucumber kimchi: salted cucumbers slit and filled with a chive-and-chilli seasoning, eaten fresh or left to ferment.

Korea · Traditional method
· Vegetables
Toyomansi-style Filipino dip of soy sauce and calamansi with sliced chilli, shown with whole calamansi as ingredient context; no garlic or onion.

Toyomansi-style soy-calamansi dip

Toyomansi is a Filipino table dip of soy sauce and calamansi juice, served with grilled or fried foods; this version adds sliced chilli and optional sugar.

Philippines · Modern adaptation
· Condiments
Photograph of Zabaglione.

Zabaglione

A warm foam of egg yolks, sugar and sweet wine, whisked over gentle heat in a double boiler until light, served at once with fruit or biscuits.

Piedmont
Photograph of Vinaigrette.

Vinaigrette

A dressing of edible oil whisked with a mild acid, usually vinegar or lemon juice, seasoned with salt, herbs and mustard, used on salads and as a marinade.

France
Condiments
Broad ventricina slices with coarse red pork and irregular pale fat on an ivory plate.
High risk

Ventricina, starter-cultured

A documentary account of a modern ventricina-style salami source and its Abruzzese context. This page provides no preparation directions or validated home process.

Italy · Modern adaptation
Meat
Porous brown teff injera on a ceramic plate.
Elevated risk

Teff injera, 24-hour home method

A modern home adaptation of Ethiopian injera using a 24-hour fermentation window. This method balances traditional souring with accessible ingredients like baking powder or starter cultures to achieve the characteristic porous texture.

Debre Zeyit · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Three golden Taiwanese sesame shaobing, folded into compact rectangular breads with white sesame on top; one opens to reveal close layers.

Taiwanese Sesame Shao Bing

A Taichung family recipe uses a hot-and-cool water dough, vegetable-oil roux, repeated folds and sesame seeds for crisp, layered shaobing.

Taiwan · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
Photograph of Tahitian mahi (breadfruit paste).

Tahitian mahi (breadfruit paste)

Tahitian mahi is a breadfruit paste wrapped in Cordyline leaves and kept in an earth-covered pit for several months, a scarcity food of French Polynesia. The heritage account gives no validated method.

Tahiti, Society Islands
Smooth plain stirred yogurt in an ivory bowl with a separate bottle of milk behind.

Stirred yogurt

This plain yogurt is heated, cultured warm and stirred smooth after chilling. A Canadian home method uses fresh plain yogurt to start the lactic fermentation.

Canada · Modern method
· Dairy
Mature Spanish-style blue cheese with blue-green veining and a small cut piece on an ivory plate.
Elevated risk

Spanish-style blue cheese

A moist blue cheese inspired by Cantabrian styles, made with pasteurized milk, a lactic starter and Penicillium roqueforti, then ripened in two stages.

Cantabria, Spain · Modern adaptation
· Dairy
A bubbly, risen whole-wheat sourdough starter in a clear glass crock

Sourdough starter with a whole-wheat first feed

A flour-and-water starter begins with whole-wheat flour, then receives regular all-purpose flour feeds. Once established, this living culture can raise bread dough.

United States · Modern method
· Grains and starches
Plain sour cream in a round ivory bowl with a stainless teaspoon beside it.

Sour cream

Sour cream is light cream thickened and soured by a lactic starter. This Canadian method uses homogenized cream and lets the gel form in its storage container.

Canada · Modern method
· Dairy
Flattened soppressata section and thin slices on an ivory plate.
High risk

Soppressata di Calabria, starter-cultured

Calabrian soppressata is a flattened pork salami seasoned with pepper and wine. This entry documents a modern starter-cultured adaptation, not household instructions; the process lacks matched pathogen-reduction validation.

Calabria · Modern adaptation
Meat
Photograph of Sauce vierge.

Sauce vierge

A raw French sauce of olive oil, lemon, chopped tomato and basil, with the herbs infused in the oil, served with fish, shellfish and vegetables.

France
Condiments
Illustrative opened, air-dried Pacific salmon yukola hanging from a simple wooden rack; not a specific historical household or evidence of a safe drying endpoint.
High risk

Yukola (Nivkh dried salmon)

Pacific salmon opened along the backbone and hung on elevated wooden frameworks to air-dry, the winter provision at the centre of Nivkh household fishing on Sakhalin and the Lower Amur.

Northern Sakhalin · Traditional method
· Fish and seafood
A thin stream of clear, reddish-brown Yongchun aged vinegar poured into a ceramic dipping dish, with an aging jar softly out of focus; illustrative generic appearance.

Yongchun aged vinegar

Dark Fujian rice vinegar: glutinous rice and red Monascus koji make a red rice wine, liquid acetification turns it to vinegar, and it ages at least three years.

Yongchun County · Traditional method
· Condiments
Clear pale-gold whey vinegar in a glass cruet beside a small tasting glass.

Whey vinegar

Vinegar made by fermenting the lactose of cheese whey to alcohol with a Kluyveromyces yeast and then to acetic acid; sold in Switzerland as Lactavinaigre from the 1950s.

Ballaigues · Modern adaptation
· Condiments
Illustrative unlabelled cruet and dish of pale amber wine vinegar. Montilla-Moriles includes multiple styles, so this is not an exact product or variant depiction.

Vinagre de Montilla-Moriles

Protected Andalusian wine vinegar made by acetifying certified Montilla-Moriles wine, dry or sweetened with Pedro Ximénez or Moscatel must, and often aged in oak by solera or añada.

Montilla-Moriles protected production area · Traditional method
· Condiments
Illustrative modern sweet-cream butter demonstration; not an excavated Viking Age artifact or reconstruction of a specific historical batch.

Viking Age butter

Cream agitated until its fat globules join into a solid mass and release buttermilk, the dairy fat a northern household could concentrate, salt and keep when milk itself would not last.

Dublin · Modern method
· Dairy
Illustrative modern Birka-inspired barley flatbread reconstruction, not an archaeological find.

Viking Age bread (Birka and Knivberga finds)

A small, dense cake of ground barley mixed with liquid and cooked against a hot surface, the form a low-gluten northern cereal takes when a household turns stored grain into bread.

Birka · Modern adaptation
· Grains and starches
White shiro-umezu and red shiso umezu in clear bowls with ripe ume and red shiso.

Umezu (ume pickling liquid)

The very salty, sour liquid drawn out of Japanese ume fruit by salt during umeboshi making: acidity from the fruit's citric and malic acid, not from acetic fermentation; white, or red with shiso.

Wakayama · Traditional method
· Condiments
Illustrative close-up of a coarse pounded fermented soybean base for tungrymbai; exact appearance varies and this is not a photograph of the documented village batch.

Tungrymbai

A Khasi and Jaintia fermented soybean food from Meghalaya: cooked beans ferment naturally in leaf-lined baskets above a fire, giving a sticky, pungent, savoury mass.

Meghalaya · Traditional method
· Legumes and seeds
A small cube of red-pink Okinawan tofuyo, its creamy interior visible beneath glossy red-koji sauce, served in a handmade ceramic saucer with a wooden pick.

Tofuyo

An Okinawan fermented tofu: dried tofu cubes matured in rice koji, awamori and salt, traditionally with red Monascus koji, until the curd turns smooth and intensely savoury.

Okinawa Prefecture · Traditional method
· Legumes and seeds
Illustrative Ethiopian Tej serving in a bulbous berele flask; not the experimental batch.
Elevated risk

Tej (Ethiopian honey wine)

An Ethiopian honey wine made here as a controlled laboratory formulation with honey, water, a mixed bacterial-and-yeast starter, and gesho.

Debre Markos · Modern method
· Drinks
A small ivory ceramic bowl of thick pale yellow tempoyak, with a softly mashed, subtly fibrous texture, representing the fermented durian paste itself.

Tempoyak (fermented durian paste)

Durian flesh is mashed with salt and fermented in a covered container as a Malay condiment or cooking ingredient.

Indonesian Malay communities · Traditional method
· Fruit
Illustrative finished Awaji moshio Premium, fine pale beige seaweed-salt granules in a plain ceramic dish.

Awaji moshio

Awaji moshio is a modern Japanese seaweed salt made by TaDa PHILOSOPHY from Awaji Island seawater and seaweed. Its premium process concentrates brine, extracts seaweed flavor, then crystallizes, separates, dries and grades the salt.

Awaji Island
· Condiments
Photograph of Prahok.
High risk

Prahok

Cambodian fermented freshwater fish paste, central to Khmer cuisine. This entry documents source-specific production accounts and study conditions; it does not give a validated household process.

Cambodia
Fish and seafood
Photograph of Moretum.

Moretum

Moretum was a pounded herb and cheese spread of ancient Rome, eaten with bread and named for the mortar in which it was made.

Rome
Condiments