Elevated risk
Bakalar na bijelo
An Istrian festive spread of cooked stockfish beaten with olive oil and garlic until pale and cohesive, here bulked out with hand-mashed floury potato.
Recipes
1504 records with their sources, across 11 categories.
Fermented, enzyme-ripened and mixed seasonings328
Fruit preserves10
Legume, seed and plant-protein ferments10
Garum and fish sauces8
Adjacent and excluded7
Koji, mold starters and mold-ripened ferments4
Acid and oil pickles3
Fermented fruit and fruit-derived foods3
Vegetable lactic3
Dairy ferments2
Smoked salted and dried foods2
Cheese1
Not yet classified1
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Recipes
Elevated risk
Stockfish in walnut sauce (medieval)
The second stockfish sauce from a fifteenth-century English manuscript: walnuts, garlic, bread, pepper and salt ground in a mortar and loosened with the fish's own broth.
Elevated risk
Dried charales (charales secos)
Small central-Mexican lake silversides, Chirostoma spp., dried whole and sometimes salted, then fried, roasted or simmered into Lenten tortitas and snacks.
Elevated risk
Stockfish in verjuice sauce (medieval)
A fifteenth-century English way to serve cooked stockfish: strained fish broth boiled with chopped parsley, powdered ginger and a little verjuice, then poured hot over the fish.
High risk
Fraser Canyon wind-dried salmon
Salmon opened, scored and hung on roofed racks in the dry canyon winds of the Fraser River: slhíts'es in Stó:lō documentation, sts'wan in St'át'imc records.
Elevated risk
Norwegian pinnekjøtt
Norwegian Christmas lamb ribs, salted, matured and dried, then soaked and steamed over birch twigs. Smoked and unsmoked versions are both made.
Elevated risk
Newfoundland dried salt cod
Atlantic cod split, salted and dried on raised flakes along the Newfoundland and Labrador shore, manufactured ashore for markets across the Atlantic.
Elevated risk
Protected solar-dried mushrooms
Protected solar-dried mushrooms are slices of wild Suillus luteus dried under a shade cover, a fitotoldo, rather than in open sun, as tested in an experimental study from Apurímac, Peru.
Elevated risk
Smoke-dried mushrooms over a hearth
Hearth-dried mushrooms are dried on shelves above a cooking fire, so heat and smoke reach them. Tanzanian records describe the method; a Vietnamese study tested smoke-dried shiitake for fuel-dependent contaminants.
High risk
Montréal smoked meat
Montréal smoked meat is a brisket-centred Jewish deli specialty shaped by migration and Montréal's restaurant culture. This entry documents reported commercial traditions and one deli's account; it is not a home-curing method.
Elevated risk
Salted-dried pirarucu (manta)
Arapaima gigas split into broad mantas, salted, matured for days and dried into the sheets that travel Amazonian river markets as bacalhau da Amazônia.
High risk
Ackee and saltfish
Jamaica's best-known dish: salt-cured cod desalted and flaked, then folded through ackee arils with onion, tomato, sweet pepper, thyme and Scotch bonnet.
Elevated risk
Carquín dried anchoveta
Anchoveta salted, drained of sanguaza and sun-dried on sand or stones at Caleta de Carquín, a technique declared part of Peru's cultural heritage in 2016.
High risk
Columbia River pounded dried salmon
Dried salmon broken down, pounded to a meal and pressed into grass baskets lined with fish skin: the compact trade food of Celilo Falls and The Dalles.
High risk
Pipsi
Arctic char opened, scored and air-dried in the Canadian Arctic: concentrated, chewy country food recorded as pipsi in Nunavut and pitsik in Nunavik.
Biltong potjie with creamy pasta
Biltong, bacon and vegetables simmer in tomato-herb stock, then join cooked pasta, milk, cream and Cheddar in this outdoor potjie.
High risk
Lonzino
Documentary account of Italian regional cured-loin traditions, including Tuscan and Marche variations; no home-cure instructions are provided because the published professional methods lack validated safety controls.
Elevated risk
Hot-air dehydrated mushrooms
Hot-air dehydrated mushrooms are sliced mushrooms dried in a dehydrator or dryer with heated, moving air; a 2011 study dried button mushroom slices at 60 °C and compared them with microwave-vacuum and freeze-drying.
Elevated risk
Stockfish, chickpea and olive stew
A contemporary Mediterranean-style stew in which poached stockfish flakes are folded into a paprika-spiced tomato sauce with cooked chickpeas and olives.
Elevated risk
Bacalà alla vicentina
Stockfish from Vicenza, left barely bubbling for hours with onion, preserved anchovy, olive oil, milk and a little cheese until it is tender under a dense pale sauce, and eaten with polenta.
Taramosalata
A meze of salted cured fish roe, most often cod, beaten with olive oil, lemon juice and a starchy base of bread or potato, from Greece and the eastern Mediterranean.
Elevated risk
Stoccafisso all'anconitana
Ancona's baked stockfish: thick pieces layered with potatoes, tomatoes, olives, capers and anchovy under olive oil and white wine, cooked slowly in a covered dish.
Elevated risk
Salt-and-sugar cured egg yolks
Whole egg yolks are buried in a dry bed of salt and sugar for four to seven days, then dried briefly. A modern preparation whose raw-egg risk the cure does not remove.
Elevated risk
Baccalà mantecato
A Venetian cicchetto of cooked unsalted stockfish beaten with oil until it turns into a pale, aerated cream, spooned onto grilled polenta in the city's wine bars.
Elevated risk
Bacalhau à lagareiro
Thick pieces of desalted salt cod roasted in olive oil with garlic and onion, served with small potatoes cooked and then crushed until their skins split.
Elevated risk
Bacalhau à Brás
Lisbon's salt cod dish: shredded desalted cod and fine fried potato matchsticks folded through softened onion and bound with beaten egg, finished with parsley and black olives.
High risk
Maldive fish
Maldive fish is a hard, smoke-dried tuna product made in the Maldives and traded especially to Sri Lanka, where it is known as umbalakada. Cooks shave or pound it into a concentrated savory seasoning for sambols, curries and other dishes.
High risk
Arabushi (smoke-dried bonito)
Japanese skipjack tuna cooked, then repeatedly smoked and dried over a wood fire by the hand-fired tebiyama method into a hard block for shaving into dashi: the first stage of katsuobushi.
High risk
Bonito flakes (katsuobushi)
Katsuobushi is skipjack tuna cooked, smoked and dried into a hard block that is shaved into flakes for dashi and toppings. Some styles stop at the smoke-dried stage; others receive carefully managed mold maturation.
High risk
Moquém
Moquém is the Brazilian Indigenous method of laying meat or fish on a grill of wooden sticks to roast, dry or smoke it, and also the name of the grill itself.
Biltong braaibroodjie
Chopped biltong, sweet onion, cream cheese and Cheddar fill bread toasted in a hinged grid over gentle coals, then finished with biltong dust.
Elevated risk
Smoked fish and agushie stew
Ghanaian agushie stew combines melon-seed paste with tomatoes, peppers, palm oil and smoked fish, and is served with rice, yam or plantain.
High risk
Cato’s salted ham
Cato the Elder records a second-century BCE sequence for salting, air-drying, and smoking ham. This historical account is not a validated modern curing protocol.
High risk
Pork loin with suska and bean salad
This Polish competition recipe stuffs pork loin with suska and serves it with a bean salad containing more smoked-and-dried plums.
High risk
Smoked mackerel spread
A quick Czech spread folds ready-smoked mackerel into quark, pickles, onion, mustard and lemon for serving with bread.
Suska sechlońska
Małopolska plums smoked and part-dried over a wood fire in a regional kiln for several days, giving a dark, concentrated fruit with a protected name.
High risk
Kiełbasa lisiecka
A protected pork sausage associated with Liszki and Czernichów; its application describes commercial curing and smoking, not a home batch.
High risk
Smoked mackerel
Whole mackerel brined for up to a day, then hot-smoked over beech and alder until the oily flesh takes colour and smoke, in a Czech smokehouse recipe.
Elevated risk
Original Südtiroler Speckknödel
Four-person South Tyrolean bread dumplings with finished Speck, herbs and a broth or soup accompaniment.
Elevated risk
Krautsuppe with Geselchtes
A two-portion cabbage soup with onion, potato and finished Geselchtes, served with garlic sour cream.
High risk
Schwarzwälder Schinken Vesper
A regional Vesper preparation pairs bread and protected Schwarzwälder Schinken with apple-horseradish butter. The accepted source gives butter, apple and horseradish amounts, but not the bread or ham quantities.
Elevated risk
Layered salad with Latvian sprats
A Latvian Šprotes page’s layered salad uses one can of sprats in oil, grated vegetables and eggs with mayonnaise. The page gives no serving yield, can size or complete vegetable-cooking method.
High risk
Hangikjöt with bechamel and potatoes
A six-person Icelandic Lamb serving recipe for deboned hangikjöt with potato bechamel, pickled cabbage, peas and laufabrauð. It cooks the product; it does not smoke or cure it.
Elevated risk
Pinnekjøtt potato balls
Pinnekjøttboller are potato-and-pinnekjøtt balls coated in breadcrumbs, deep-fried and served with lemon-parsley sour-cream dip.
Elevated risk
Cold-smoked reindeer soup
Kylmäsavuporokeitto is a creamy cold-smoked reindeer soup with onion, stock and cheese, served with bread.
Elevated risk
Suovas with savoy cabbage and almond potatoes
Suovas with almond-potato purée pairs pan-fried reindeer meat with buttered savoy cabbage and a reduced red-wine and reindeer-broth sauce.
Elevated risk
Sol over Gudhjem
Sol over Gudhjem layers hot-smoked herring and vegetables on buttered rye bread, topped with egg yolk.
Elevated risk
Finnish pea soup
Finnish pea soup simmers dried peas with palvikinkku or a vegetable alternative, then is served with mustard and chopped onion.
Elevated risk
Smoked eel roll
This Dutch lunch roll combines purchased smoked eel with cucumber, basil, lemon dressing and lettuce.
Elevated risk
Hot-smoked salmon on colcannon
Burren Smokehouse’s colcannon dish serves hot-smoked salmon with mashed potatoes, cabbage, stir-fried vegetables and mustard cream.