Ingredients

1086 articles on substrates, cultures and additives.

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Edible mushrooms

Two whole pale mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show white gills, flesh, stems and soil-covered bulbous bases on a warm ivory background.
Other

Amanita bweyeyensis

Amanita bweyeyensis is a Eucalyptus-associated Amanita in East and Central Africa, in section Phalloideae with the deadly A. phalloides. Sources call for extreme caution, and it is not recommended as food.

Three whole orange mushrooms and two lengthwise halves display their pale orange-yellow gills and flesh on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Hygrocybe cantharellus

Hygrocybe cantharellus is a small orange waxy-cap agaric with a catalogued food record from Tshopo province, DR Congo, and a taxonomy that the sources read do not settle for that region.

Two whole orange-yellow chanterelles and two lengthwise halves show wavy caps, branching underside ridges and pale flesh on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Cantharellus rufopunctatus

Cantharellus rufopunctatus is a rainforest chanterelle-group fungus that the catalogue records as eaten locally in Tshopo province, DR Congo, where no species-specific preparation has been established.

Two whole tan funnel-shaped mushrooms and one lengthwise half rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Velvety wood fungus

Panus velutinus, the velvety wood fungus, is a wood-rotting fungus recorded in Brazil, where a 2024 review of wild edible mushrooms lists it. Its food use is documented; no standardized safety assessment exists.

Two whole golden-yellow gelatinous fungi and two cut halves rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Golden ear

Naematelia aurantialba, golden ear, is a yellow gelatinous fungus that parasitises Stereum fruit bodies on broadleaf trees and is recorded as a wild edible relative of cultivated golden ear in southwestern China.

Two whole cream-white warted mushrooms and one lengthwise half showing pale flesh and gills sit on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Amanita afrospinosa

Amanita afrospinosa is a white, warted Amanita of miombo woodland in southern and central Africa. A regional food-use record exists, but the Amanita genus includes deadly species, so no safe use is established here.

Two whole brown-capped boletes and two lengthwise halves display yellow stems, flesh and porous undersides on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Velvet bolete

Suillus variegatus, the velvet bolete, is a wild bolete of pine woods in northern Europe that is eaten cooked or dried. Its cap and tubes are usually peeled and removed before cooking.

Mushrooms

Mycoclelandia bulundari

Mycoclelandia bulundari is a hypogeous desert fungus of northern and western Australia, recorded as a cooked food of Aboriginal people. Its identification and modern food safety are not established.

Two whole pale mushrooms and two lengthwise halves display their flesh, gills and stems on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Macrocybe gigantea

Macrocybe gigantea is a large wild mushroom of tropical and subtropical Asia that is sold in markets in Laos and Yunnan, China. Its local identification and safety still need species-level review.

Two whole orange-brown bolete mushrooms and two lengthwise halves display pale flesh, stems and pores on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Ballou's bolete

Tylopilus balloui, the burnt orange bolete, is a tropical bolete recorded as food in Guyana. Sources disagree on whether it is worth eating, and its species concept needs checking.

Three whole cream-and-tan mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show pale flesh, gills and stems on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Lentinula raphanica

Lentinula raphanica is a wild wood-rotting mushroom of the Neotropics, a close relative of the cultivated shiitake, recorded as food by Amazonian communities and still poorly studied.

Two whole cream-colored mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show pale flesh, gills and stout stems with soil at their bases on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Mongolian mushroom

The Mongolian mushroom, Leucocalocybe mongolica, is a wild steppe fungus of the Mongolian Plateau, prized as food in Northeast Asia and listed as threatened by drought and over-collection.

Tawny-orange meadow waxcap mushrooms and lengthwise-cut halves rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Meadow waxcap

The meadow waxcap, Cuphophyllus pratensis, is a salmon-to-orange gilled mushroom of old grassland in Europe. Its fruit bodies are edible and gathered for sale in some countries, but its habitat is declining.

Interpretive natural-history illustration of orange-ochre Gymnopilus zenkeri on dead wood, based on published text morphology; not a verified specimen, food depiction, or identification guide.
Mushrooms

Gymnopilus zenkeri

Gymnopilus zenkeri is a forest mushroom recorded as eaten locally in Tshopo province, DR Congo. The genus is described as unsafe to eat, and no preparation or safety assessment for this species has been established.

Two whole dark-capped morels and two lengthwise halves showing pale hollow interiors rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Burn-site morel

The burn-site morel, Morchella exuberans, is a wild morel that fruits in conifer forest in the year after a fire in western North America. It is eaten only after thorough cooking, because raw morels can cause serious poisoning.

Two whole morels and two lengthwise halves showing hollow interiors rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

American yellow morel

The American yellow morel, Morchella americana, is a wild spring morel of North America that is eaten only after thorough cooking, because raw or undercooked morels have caused serious illness.

Two whole shaggy mushrooms and one lengthwise half with pale flesh and visible gills rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Lentinus berteroi

Lentinus berteroi is a sawgill mushroom of the tropical Americas, recorded as food in the Colombian catalogue and studied for cultivation in Brazil; a Brazilian food record for this species was not confirmed.

Two whole dark-capped boletes and two lengthwise halves display yellow pores and pale flesh on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Tropical black bolete

Phlebopus portentosus, the tropical black bolete, is a wild bolete prized in Yunnan and northern Thailand. It is one of the few boletes that has been fruited in culture on grain.

Two whole grey-brown mushrooms with radial cap fibres and one lengthwise half rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Bresadolia paradoxa

Bresadolia paradoxa is a large fungus of dead hardwood logs in Amazon and Atlantic Forest sites in Brazil and Colombia. Its only edibility source is a conservation assessment, so the claim is lightly documented.

Two whole cream-white mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show white flesh, decurrent gills, and soil-marked stem bases on an ivory background.
Mushrooms

Hygrophorus gliocyclus

Hygrophorus gliocyclus is a slimy, cream-yellow wild woodwax of conifer woods. Spain lists it among wild mushrooms that may be sold fresh, and the sources read record little else about its food use.

Three whole cream mushrooms with brown granular caps and one lengthwise half showing flesh and gills rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Hymenagaricus luteolosporus

Hymenagaricus luteolosporus is a forest mushroom recorded as locally eaten in Tshopo Province, DR Congo, with no preparation or safety assessment established for it.

Two whole purple mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show pale flesh, gills and lilac stems on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Cortinarius magellanicus

Cortinarius magellanicus is a webcap mushroom of Nothofagus forests in Patagonia, recorded in regional food use, but it belongs to a species complex and its genus contains deadly toxic species.

Two whole foxy bolete mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show rusty brown caps, pale scabered stems and cream flesh on a warm ivory background.
Other

Foxy bolete

Leccinum vulpinum, the foxy bolete, is a red-brown bolete that grows with Scots pine. Sources describe it as edible, and advise careful identification because it has close relatives.

Two whole brown morels and two lengthwise halves showing pale hollow interiors rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Western hardwood black morel

Western hardwood black morel, Morchella brunnea, is a wild true morel recorded in western North America. Morels must be cooked thoroughly before eating.

Three whole blonde morels and two lengthwise halves showing hollow interiors sit on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Blonde morel

Blonde morel, Morchella tridentina, is a wild true morel recorded as gathered and traded in Patagonia. Morels are eaten only after thorough cooking.

A dense cluster of pale, ribbed bell-shaped mushrooms on slender stems stands against a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Coprinellus disseminatus

Coprinellus disseminatus is a small saprotrophic inky-cap mushroom that grows in clusters on wood and debris. A Congolese food-use record and a Colombian catalogue entry both call it edible, but neither describes its preparation.

Two whole black morels and two lengthwise halves showing cream hollow interiors rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Black morel

The black morel, Morchella elata, is a pitted, hollow fungus of conifer woods and disturbed ground. It is a popular edible in Europe, and its sources insist it must always be cooked thoroughly.

A single mushroom with a broad, rough pale cap and thick white stem stands on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Subalpine catathelasma

Subalpine catathelasma, Catathelasma subalpinum, is a wild ectomycorrhizal mushroom described from Yunnan in 2020. It is listed as edible in a 2026 Chinese catalogue, but its food use is not yet documented.

Whole and lengthwise-halved boletes with brown caps, yellow pores, and slender stems rest on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Deceptive bolete

Xerocomus illudens, a forest bolete of Mexico that is gathered by some communities but was ranked low by others, partly because of its sour taste.

Two whole grey-brown mushrooms and two lengthwise halves display pale flesh, yellowish gills and whitish stems on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Charbonnier

Charbonnier, Tricholoma portentosum, is a wild tree-associated mushroom of Europe that is sold as a seasonal market mushroom. Spanish law permits fresh sale of the species, and other grey Tricholoma species must not be assumed edible.

Two whole brown-capped cottonwood mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show pale flesh, cream gills and stout stems on a warm ivory background.
Other

Cottonwood mushroom

Tricholoma populinum, the cottonwood mushroom, grows under cottonwoods and poplars in western North America. Wikipedia records traditional eating by Salish peoples; other sources call its taste mediocre.

Two whole black desert truffles and two halves with pale marbled flesh sit on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Black desert truffle

The black desert truffle, catalogued as Picoa juniperi, is a subterranean fungus gathered wild in arid and semi-arid lands. Eastern Anatolian households eat it, usually fried with eggs.

Two whole cream mushrooms with tan cap scales and two lengthwise halves showing pale flesh and gills sit on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Oudemansiella platensis

Oudemansiella platensis is a wood-rotting mushroom of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, recorded in one Brazilian food-use source. The evidence for human consumption is thin, and no edibility verdict follows from it.

AI-generated visual reconstruction of source-labelled Cookeina venezuelae cups on decaying wood; not a specimen photograph, field-identification guide, edibility claim, or safety statement.
Mushrooms

Cookeina venezuelae

Cookeina venezuelae, a cup fungus that grows on wood in Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, whose food use was newly recorded in a 2024 audit of wild edible mushrooms from Brazil.

Two whole orange-and-ochre mushrooms and two lengthwise halves display cream gills, white flesh and soil-covered bases against a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Amanita mafingensis

Amanita mafingensis is a reddish Amanita described from Tanzania in 1994, where local people regard it as edible. Its genus includes some of the most dangerous mushrooms, so this page gives no edibility verdict for any other place.

Two whole brown arched woodwax mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show pale flesh, gills, and fibrous stems on a warm ivory background.
Other

Arched woodwax

Hygrophorus camarophyllus, the arched woodwax, is a waxcap of northern conifer forests with a dark, soot-brown cap. Svampguiden lists it as edible with a mild, slightly sweet taste.

A red beefsteak fungus bracket grows from a short section of bark beside a cut bracket exposing marbled red flesh on an ivory background.
Mushrooms

Beefsteak fungus

Beefsteak fungus (Fistulina hepatica) is a wild bracket fungus of oak and sweet chestnut wood. Its sour, meat-like flesh is eaten in parts of Europe, but only after cooking, and sources advise care with older specimens.

Two whole ochre-capped boletes and one lengthwise half show brown stems, yellow pores and pale flesh on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Tropical bolete

Phlebopus beniensis, a bolete of tropical South American forests and savannas, recorded as a food in Brazil and Paraguay, where it is known locally by names such as chapéu-de-baiano.

Two whole orange scaly mushrooms and two lengthwise halves display pale flesh and pinkish-brown gills on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Agaricus crocopeplus

A forest mushroom of the genus Agaricus, recorded as a wild food in the Tshopo province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in a voucher-backed ethnomycological survey.

Generated editorial depiction of the source-described Boletus sinoedulis fruit body; not a field photograph, identification guide, or evidence of edibility.
Mushrooms

Boletus sinoedulis

A Chinese bolete described as Boletus sinoedulis from subalpine spruce and fir forests in southwestern China. A 2026 Chinese catalogue lists it as edible or edible-and-medicinal; that listing is not a safety assessment.

Mushrooms

Q’oncha

A wild Andean gilled fungus eaten in Peru under the name q’oncha. A 2017 study moved it from Pleurocollybia to Gerhardtia, and it features in Cusco festival tradition.

Two whole Gurumelo mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show tan caps, white gills, pale flesh and soil-covered bases on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Gurumelo

The Spanish name for a wild Amanita of the Iberian Peninsula. Spain’s 2009 mushroom decree lists it among wild species that may be sold fresh; it is a high-consequence identification.

Mushrooms

Xerocomus spinulosus

A wild bolete recorded as locally eaten in Tshopo province, DR Congo, in voucher-backed interviews. No preparation was established and no toxicity assessment is recorded.

AI-generated, non-diagnostic natural-history illustration associated with the research name Amanita esculenta; not a specimen, identification guide or indication of edibility.
Mushrooms

Japanese edible Amanita

A wild Amanita that a 2026 Chinese catalogue of edible and medicinal fungi lists as edible or edible-and-medicinal. The genus holds deadly species, so identification carries high risk.

Two whole white scaled mushrooms and two longitudinal halves showing pale flesh, gills and stems rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Leucocoprinus cepistipes

Leucocoprinus cepistipes is a forest saprotrophic mushroom of the Congo Basin. A Tshopo consumption report conflicts with inedibility reports, so it is recorded here as a research item, not a food recommendation.

One whole white coral tooth mushroom tuft with branching forms and pendant spines rests on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

Coral tooth

Hericium coralloides, the coral tooth, is a wild fungus of dead hardwood. Its young, white, branching fruit bodies are eaten; older ones turn brittle, yellow-brown and bitter.

Three whole brown mushrooms with stout stems rest on an ivory surface, one tilted to reveal its dark porous underside.
Mushrooms

Phlebopus sudanicus

Phlebopus sudanicus, the African giant bolete, is a tropical African bolete eaten in parts of Central and southern Africa. Sources disagree on its toxicity, and its boiling is a practice rather than a validated detoxification.

Two whole orange-capped mushrooms and two lengthwise halves show pale flesh, yellow gills and torn white volvas on a warm ivory background.
Mushrooms

Yema

A wild Amanita valued in local foodways of Mexico and Guatemala. Community studies document seasonal gathering, market trade and distinct cooked preparations; species identity and Amanita safety require particular care.

Two whole brown-scaled mushrooms and a lengthwise half showing pale flesh and gills rest on a warm ivory surface.
Mushrooms

The prince

The prince (Agaricus augustus) is a large wild mushroom with a pale, brown-scaled cap and sweet almond-like aroma. Field guides describe it as edible, with species-specific contaminant cautions.

A small cluster of reddish-brown Marasmius buzungolo mushrooms with pale stems growing among damp leaf litter and dead wood.
Mushrooms

Marasmius buzungolo

Marasmius buzungolo is a wild African saprotrophic mushroom recorded as food in Tshopo and around Kikwit in DR Congo. Its exact season and preparation remain undocumented.