Grated coconut (fresh or thawed unsweetened)
The shredded white kernel of a mature coconut, used fresh or thawed from frozen in sambols and chutneys; its lauric-acid fat is rich and the moist meat is perishable.
Ingredients
1086 articles on substrates, cultures and additives.
Fruit, vegetables and seaweedsFruit, vegetables, roots, alliums, seaweeds and algae.
Grains, legumes and nutsGrains, flours, malts, starches, beans, pulses, nuts, seeds and the coffee, cocoa and tea crops.
Mushrooms and fungiCultivated and wild mushrooms, truffles and other edible fungi, and lichens.
Meat and fishMeat, offal, fat, casings, fish, shellfish and insects.
Dairy and eggsMilk by animal, cream, butter, milk powders, rennets, dairy additives and eggs.
Sugars and sweetenersRefined and unrefined sugars, honeys, syrups, molasses and malt sugars.
Herbs and spicesHerbs, seed and bark spices, peppercorns, chillies, aromatic roots, brewing botanicals and resins.
All ingredients
Milk species and the cheesemaking substrate
Milk supplies protein, fat and lactose for cultured drinks and cheese. Animal species, composition and processing each affect how it behaves.
Dahyangheukmi pigmented rice
Dahyangheukmi (다향흑미) is a registered Korean black-rice cultivar with an aromatic, non-glutinous grain. It has been used to make rice-flour nuruk, yakju and gochujang in published studies.
Cooked rice
Cooked rice is rice grain heated in water until its starch gelatinizes; in Thai sour sausage it feeds the bacteria that acidify the meat.
Quince
A fragrant, usually yellow pome with firm, tart and astringent flesh, cooked for tender fruit dishes, jelly and dense quince paste.
Solanum torvum fruit and leaves
An East Akim survey reports fruit and leaf use in soups and stews; a separate Cape Coast experiment grew a selected seed accession. External poisoning reports do not establish Ghanaian incidence or a safe preparation method.
Diphysa americana flowers
Oaxaca market research documents food uses of Diphysa americana flowers. A separate Honduran Lenca table contains an unvouchered “Diphysa robiniodes” leaf row that remains a provisional crosswalk; forestry observations from Honduras and Guatemala do not confirm that food identity.
Crow garlic leaves
Allium vineale is a widespread European allium with hollow leaves and bulbil-bearing flowerheads. A White Carpathian ethnobotany study records a narrow, source-specific leaf-use tradition; it does not provide a complete recipe or gathering guidance.
Tavolo starch
Madagascar food studies identify tavolo as Tacca leontopetaloides and describe tuber use in distinct regional settings; broader crop guidance comes from a tropical handbook.
Viha seed and tuber
Madagascar sources document distinct seed and tuber food accounts for this wetland aroid; greenhouse cultivation data come from a botanical display, not food production.
Totora as food
Aymara records from Lake Titicaca describe totora as food, with separate reports of rhizomes and the basal tutura stem; later planting evidence comes from a wastewater lagoon.
Chondrilla juncea greens
One 2017 Mostaganem thesis reports young leaves, later shoot tips and capitula as food. The Algerian food attribution is provisional: the entry has no inspected voucher or informant-level record, and no independent Algerian food source was found.
Loroco flowers
Loroco is the edible flower bud of Echites panduratus (syn. Fernaldia pandurata), eaten in Guatemalan dips, pupusas, soups and rice; local growing and preservation studies leave household production open.
Snaô flowers
Cambodian accounts describe Sesbania javanica flowers as food, with separate reports of leaves. PROSEA records wetland habitat; a 2003 home-gardening handbook preserves a historical sowing row whose continuation cells cannot be reliably assigned.
Katuray flowers
A source-linked account of katuray food uses in Philippine crop guides and an abstract-level regional survey, with conflicting field-spacing figures and incomplete household growing evidence.
Duruka inflorescence
Fiji crop accounts call the edible inflorescence crop Saccharum edule; this crop-name concept remains unresolved in current botanical treatments.
Water bamboo stems
In Taiwan and Hong Kong food sources, jiaobai is the swollen stem of Zizania latifolia associated with Ustilago esculenta. It is distinct from the grain called North American wild rice, and the plant-fungus association is not food fermentation.
Madake bamboo shoots
Japanese sources identify madake, Phyllostachys bambusoides, as a historically eaten bamboo shoot and describe a regional emergence season. Kew uses P. reticulata for the accepted-name treatment, while other floras retain P. bambusoides; species-specific food processing and household cultivation details remain unresolved.
Nakati greens
Ugandan Nakati sources describe the leafy Shum group of a species that also includes fruit, dual-use and ornamental groups. Regional cultivation and a small pickling study offer context, but neither establishes universal crop limits or a validated home preservation method.
Solanum macrocarpon leaves and fruit
A historical Ghana flora account reports leaf and fruit use, while a Cape Coast fertilizer experiment supplies one accession and one-site growing data. Its abstract and detailed yield results conflict.
Pani niguro shoots
A wild fern recorded as a cooked young-shoot vegetable in one Gurung study in Nepal. Source-specific growing accounts describe wet, partly shaded habitats and propagation, but do not establish a household crop method.
Miding fern shoots
Sarawak sources describe young Stenochlaena palustris fronds as a vegetable and give regional cultivation guidance for nursery propagation, wet field sites and harvest.
False sesame greens
Tanzanian sources document false sesame in distinct leafy-green traditions. The name mlenda also covers other plants, and reported cooking and growing details remain tied to their source communities and studies.
Spider plant greens
Cleome gynandra is documented in Kenyan growing guides and regional food and crop records from Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe sources add local leaf uses, seasonal observations and one Marondera manure trial whose published spacing and plant-density figures conflict. These records remain tied to their settings and do not establish a universal recipe or home-production prescription.
Momordica balsamina greens
A Muda food-use study identifies nkakana as Momordica balsamina. A separate UEM abstract uses cacana for the same printed name but calls the plant introduced; another crop overview prints Momordica indica, a different current taxonomic concept. The source records remain distinct.
Alache greens (Anoda cristata)
Regional Mexican food accounts and a Guerrero common-garden study document Anoda cristata names, dishes and growing observations, with identification and safety limits kept explicit.
Genjer greens
Genjer is an aquatic leafy vegetable used in parts of Java; food and growing reports describe differing plant parts and cultivation settings.
Ethiopian nettle greens
Ethiopian ethnobotanical studies describe regional use of Urtica simensis leaves and young shoots. A separate four-site study reports outdoor livestock-forage cultivation; those yields and methods are not human-food production guidance.
Japanese butterbur stalks and flower heads
Fuki is eaten as leaf stalks and spring flower heads; Japanese sources describe seasonal food use, water-based preparation and region-specific growing guidance.
Colchic jonjoli flower clusters
Colchic jonjoli is a Georgian food plant whose unopened flower clusters are reported pickled. Sources also use jonjoli for the distinct species Staphylea pinnata, leaving some food reports taxonomically mixed.
Ekala shoots
Georgian sources describe ekala as a wild food plant used in pkhali and report brine preparations. Names and plant-part labels vary by source; the food accounts do not establish a field identification or a productive growing method.
Çiriş (Eremurus spectabilis)
A source-bounded account of reported young-leaf uses in Ağrı and separate Turkish seed and laboratory studies. The evidence does not establish a home-growing method or identify a plant gathered under a shared local name.
Three-cornered leek greens
Allium triquetrum is a Mediterranean bulbous allium with a three-angled flowering stalk. An Australian gardening handout reports culinary uses for its leaves, bulbs and flowers, while separate sources document invasive spread and jurisdiction-specific restrictions.
Chepil greens (Crotalaria pumila)
Oaxaca market and cultivation studies document chepil food uses and regional field growing practices. Other Crotalaria names and research contexts remain distinct.
Creeping thistle greens
Creeping thistle is a widespread, spreading perennial with one detailed Alberta leaf-puree account and older food reports summarized by a U.S. Forest Service review.
Dandelion greens
POWO accepts Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum and places Taraxacum officinale in its synonymy; Kew describes the common British dandelion as an aggregate of many apomictic microspecies. Food and growing sources use dandelion names at different levels, so this article keeps each report within its source's scope.
Chicory greens and roots
Cichorium intybus is grown for several distinct foods: bitter leaves, headed chicory, winter-forced chicons and roasted-root coffee substitutes. The crop type and source region matter.
Moringa leaves
Source-linked accounts describe Moringa oleifera food uses in several regions, including Mauritius, alongside cultivation figures with their local scope made explicit.
Kenger (Gundelia tournefortii)
A descriptive account of several regional reports that use the name Kenger and related forms for Gundelia tournefortii, alongside changing taxonomy and limited cultivation evidence. The reports do not independently confirm every historical specimen or establish a Turkish growing method.
Spanish oyster plant greens
Algerian and Spanish sources report leaves, central leaf ribs and other regional food contexts. Historical gardens, weed observations, preliminary Spanish cultivation work and compiled cultivation reports are not a modern crop protocol or an identification or food-safety guide.
Bladder campion greens
Spanish sources report young leaves and stems in cooked dishes and some salads. A Murcia field study measured one regional seed lot under fertiliser treatments, but its dates conflict and do not establish home-growing or food-safety guidance.
Japanese udo shoots
Japanese udo is Aralia cordata, eaten as wild shoots and leaves or cultivated blanched stems, with separate home-garden and commercial forcing guidance.
Broad-leaved cattail as food
Broad-leaved cattail is a wetland plant with North American accounts of edible shoots, stem bases, flower parts, pollen and rhizomes, alongside substantial identity and water-quality limits.
Dallae greens
Dallae, Allium monanthum, is a small Korean spring allium eaten raw, in doenjang soup and as jangajji. Its regional names and growing advice are less settled than its food use.
Mut’isu (Hypochaeris meyeniana)
Aymara food records from La Paz name flower buds, bracts and leaves of Hypochaeris meyeniana; the article's ash-processing prose and washing caption remain unresolved.
Common mallow greens
Common mallow is reported as a cooked wild green in two Moroccan studies, with one species-specific Khobbiza account and a separate mixed-greens preparation.
Jute mallow leaves
Jute mallow is documented in Kenyan, Egyptian and Malawian food and crop sources. Its preparation and growing evidence remains specific to each source.
New Zealand spinach greens
Kōkihi, New Zealand spinach or warrigal greens (Tetragonia tetragonoides): a coastal leaf vegetable of Australia and New Zealand, eaten after blanching because of its oxalic acid.
Rungia klossii greens
PNG crop references describe Rungia klossii leaves as a pot herb, often paired with highland pitpit. One historical Ndumba account records a specific community’s planting, food use and dietary restriction.
Malabar spinach greens
Malabar spinach, Basella alba, called alugbati in the Philippines, is a climbing leaf vegetable cooked in soups and stews. In New Caledonia an 1872 record shows it grown for dye.